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Published byAbel York Modified over 8 years ago
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Northern Africa Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, Algeria, Morocco and Western Sahara
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Natural Environments
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Landforms Coastal plains along Mediterranean Atlas Mountains Sahara Desert- Ergs (sand areas) Regs (gravel plains Depression ( quick-sand, salt marshes, dry lakebeds Wadis (dry stream beds) Nile River
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wadis regs Nile River Nile Delta
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Climate Factors: Coastal zone- Mediterranean climate, with mild rainy winters Sub-tropical high pressure keeps region dry Rain shadow on Atlas mountains Hot dry wind (harmattan)- sweeps south across Sahara
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Atals Mountains
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Natural Resources Oil and natural gas- especially in Libya Minerals- iron ore, lead, phosphates, zinc Fishing off Moroccan coast- sardines Water from irrigation and a oases- produce grapes, olives, dates, grains, vegetables Nile Delta- rich farmland
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Settlers and rulers Egyptian civilization arose along the nile around 3000 bc, pharohs Phoenicians established trade colonies like carthage by 800 bc Alexander the Great founded Alexandria in 332 bc Roman Empire Controlled the area Vandals set up a kingdom in Libya 400’s
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Byzantine Empire claimed North Africa in AD 500’s Arab Muslims conquered the region in 600s Ottoman Turks ruled from 1500s to late 1800s European came in 1800s- French, Spanish, Italians and British Independence came after WWII
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Peoples and Cultures Arabs, Berbers, and Bedouins Arabic and European Languages Muslims, with small Christian and Jewish minorities Islam plays key role- prayer, holidays, govt traditional clothing and customs
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Berbers
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Tuareg man gallibiya
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Economic and urban environments Economics Issues typical of developing countries- government spending, inflation, trade Oil and natural gas- key in several countries Agriculture also important Tourism-especially important in Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia Unemployment causes migration
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Cities Mixture of ancient and modern Crowded, with growing slums
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Shopping in the medina
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Challenges Poverty fellahin Political unrest Islamic fundamentalism Environment- desertification, pollution, effects of Aswan Dam
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