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Background Ground Zero for Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. Judaism: Israel = Biblical “Promised Land” Occupied by Moses and Hebrews around 1000 B.C. Invaded and occupied by Philistines Greeks and Romans call it “Land of Philistines”, which becomes Palestine. Region of Jesus Christ’s birth, ministry, and death. “Ownership” changes hands frequently. Muslims capture in 640 built Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem in 691 Spot where Mohammed stopped on his way to heaven. Holiest site in Islam outside Saudi Arabia. Ottoman Turks control from 1500’s-1900’s. Ground Zero for Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. Judaism: Israel = Biblical “Promised Land” Occupied by Moses and Hebrews around 1000 B.C. Invaded and occupied by Philistines Greeks and Romans call it “Land of Philistines”, which becomes Palestine. Region of Jesus Christ’s birth, ministry, and death. “Ownership” changes hands frequently. Muslims capture in 640 built Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem in 691 Spot where Mohammed stopped on his way to heaven. Holiest site in Islam outside Saudi Arabia. Ottoman Turks control from 1500’s-1900’s.
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Israel Becomes a State League of Nations asked Britain to oversee (mandate) Palestine after WWI Balfour Declaration: Idea of creating a Jewish homeland in Palestine while protecting the “rights of non-Jewish communities”. Hostility between Palestinians continued to grow League of Nations asked Britain to oversee (mandate) Palestine after WWI Balfour Declaration: Idea of creating a Jewish homeland in Palestine while protecting the “rights of non-Jewish communities”. Hostility between Palestinians continued to grow
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Israel Becomes a State 1947: UN General Assembly partitions (divides) Palestine Jerusalem would be an independent city owned by neither territory RESULT: CREATION OF AN INDEPENDENT ISRAEL 1947: UN General Assembly partitions (divides) Palestine Jerusalem would be an independent city owned by neither territory RESULT: CREATION OF AN INDEPENDENT ISRAEL
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Israel Becomes a State Israel is created Six Islamic states – Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, & Syria – invade Israel Ended in victory for Israel Israel is created Six Islamic states – Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, & Syria – invade Israel Ended in victory for Israel
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Israel/Arab State Conflicts Suez Crisis: Egypt seized control of canal from Britain GB made agreement w/ France & Israel to retake Suez Canal Israeli quickly defeats Egyptians U.S. & USSR force Israel & the Europeans to withdraw – Egypt left in charge of Suez Canal Suez Crisis: Egypt seized control of canal from Britain GB made agreement w/ France & Israel to retake Suez Canal Israeli quickly defeats Egyptians U.S. & USSR force Israel & the Europeans to withdraw – Egypt left in charge of Suez Canal
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Six-Day War Egyptian president Nasser, armed w/ Soviet weaponry, ready to confront Israel Under threat of attack, Israel bombs airfields in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, & Syria. Israel defeats Arab states in six days Result: Israel gained control of – Jerusalem, the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights, & the West Bank Egyptian president Nasser, armed w/ Soviet weaponry, ready to confront Israel Under threat of attack, Israel bombs airfields in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, & Syria. Israel defeats Arab states in six days Result: Israel gained control of – Jerusalem, the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights, & the West Bank
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Yom Kippur War Egyptian President Anwar Sadat planned a joint Arab surprise attack on the holiest of Jewish holidays Arab forces inflict heavy losses – regain territory lost in Six-Day War Israel – under Prime Minister Golda Meir – launch counterattack Regain territory & agree to truce Egyptian President Anwar Sadat planned a joint Arab surprise attack on the holiest of Jewish holidays Arab forces inflict heavy losses – regain territory lost in Six-Day War Israel – under Prime Minister Golda Meir – launch counterattack Regain territory & agree to truce
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Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) PLO pushed for the formation of a Palestinian state Yasir Arafat becomes chairman of PLO PLO carried out numerous attacks against Israel PLO pushed for the formation of a Palestinian state Yasir Arafat becomes chairman of PLO PLO carried out numerous attacks against Israel
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Camp David Accords U.S. President Carter invites Sadat (Egypt) & Begin (Israel) to Camp David to negotiate Camp David Accords: ends 30 years of hostility between Israel & Egypt Outraged over agreement, Muslim extremists assassinate Egyptian president Anwar Sadat Hosni Mubarak becomes president of Egypt U.S. President Carter invites Sadat (Egypt) & Begin (Israel) to Camp David to negotiate Camp David Accords: ends 30 years of hostility between Israel & Egypt Outraged over agreement, Muslim extremists assassinate Egyptian president Anwar Sadat Hosni Mubarak becomes president of Egypt
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Intifada 1982 – Israel army invades Lebanon Palestinians begin campaign of civil disobedience known as the intifada Organized boycotts, demonstrations, attacks on Israeli soldiers, & rock- throwing by unarmed teenagers 1982 – Israel army invades Lebanon Palestinians begin campaign of civil disobedience known as the intifada Organized boycotts, demonstrations, attacks on Israeli soldiers, & rock- throwing by unarmed teenagers
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Oslo Peace Accords Declaration of Principles signed Granted Palestine self-rule in the Gaza Strip & West Bank Agreement signed by Arafat (Palestine) & Rabin (Israel) Rabin assassinated by Jewish extremist – opposed to concessions made to the Palestinians Declaration of Principles signed Granted Palestine self-rule in the Gaza Strip & West Bank Agreement signed by Arafat (Palestine) & Rabin (Israel) Rabin assassinated by Jewish extremist – opposed to concessions made to the Palestinians
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