1. VIRUSES

2. What is a virus? “Virus” from the Latin “simply liquid, poison” Non-living organism Very very very small Most abundant Dependent on other living organisms to survive Can infect plants, animals, bacteria, archaebacteria, protists and fungi

3. Identification of a virus 1. Genetic material 2. Protective protein coat

4. 1. Genetic Material Core of virus Can be either DNA or RNA Single-stranded or double stranded (ssDNA, ssRNA, dsDNA, dsRNA) Linear, circular or segmented

5. 2. Protective protein coat A.k.a. “Capsid” One of the following shapes: Helical Icosahedral (from “Icosahedron:” polyhedron with 20 faces) / Circular Complex (A combination of the two)

6. Some have “membranous envelopes” Some especially dangerous viruses can even steal some of the host cell membrane This allows them to make an envelope, which they use to trick the host cell into thinking it is part of the body

7. Research the following 1. ssDNA, dsDNA, ssRNA or dsRNA? 2. Helical? Icosahedral? Complex? 3. Membranous envelope? Influenza Tobacco Mosaic Virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus T4 bacteriophage Zika virus Ebola Herpes Measles Hepatitis C virus MERS

8. Structure of viruses 1. Genetic material ssDNA, dsDNA, ssRNA or dsRNA 2. Protective protein coat Helical, Icosahedral, Complex?

9. Antigens “Anti-” = Antibody “-gen” = producing Protein or sometimes long carbohydrate chain On the surface of viruses

10. Build a virus! Choose either the virus you researched yesterday or out of the following: SARS Chickenpox HIV Shingles Include the following structures: 1. Genetic core 2. Protective protein coat / membranous envelope Must be 3D Influenza Tobacco Mosaic Virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus T4 bacteriophage Zika virus Ebola Herpes Measles Hepatitis C virus MERS

11. Methods of infection 1. Injection  Virus has some way of forcing its genetic material into the host cell 2. Fusion  If it has an envelope, the virus can simply fuse with the host cell, and be taken in 3. Endocytosis  The virus somehow tricks the host cell to take it in voluntarily

12. Host cell Plants, animals, bacteria, archaebacteria, protists or fungi Provides an environment where the virus can reproduce

13. Viral Specificity Viruses specific to a particular host Hand & glove model Examples: Tobacco mosaic virus attack only tobacco plants Rabies: only mammals Swine flu: Pigs & humans Bacteriophage: only bacteria

14. If you were a virus, which cycle would you choose?

15. Let’s build Lytic & Lysogenic Cycles!