1. INDUSTRIAL DEFINED PROBLEM TEAM MEMBERS- A MAN M ITTAL MANASVI KUNDALIA SUNIDHI SINGH PRASTUTI

2. AREAS OF THE PROBLEM COVERED  A Theft alarm when theft is detected in any section of the distribution line and mechanism to indicate the place of theft.  Estimation of yearly emissions of the various flue gases.  Determination of suitable methods for treatment of various components of the flue gas and other byproducts  Cost estimation and sustainability.

3. D ISTRIBUTION SYSTEM  L1, L2 are single phase loads  M1, M2 are digital energy meters  P is pole based system

4. PRINCIPAL OF POWER THEFT DETECTION

5. P ROPOSED SOLUTION  M1 will measure a consumed power by load (L1) over a period. It will send a data in proportion with consumed power to receiver with wireless digital data transmitter.  Receiver on P will receive a data sent by transmitter in load side meter and send it to microcontroller.  Energy meter on pole will measure power sent over line and send the data to microcontroller.

6. C ONTINUED ….  In case of tapping done by any unauthorized person on the line,there will be difference between the meter reading (M1) and pole system reading.  Microcontroller will compare these readings. If found more than some tolerance then power theft is happening.  This theft signal generated on P is transmitted to substation by PLC.

7. PLC (P ROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER )  It is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical process.  The PLC’s are designed for multiple input and multiple output.  Program to control machine operation are typically stored in non volatile memory.  It is an example of a hard real time system since output results must be produced in response to input conditions within bounded time.

8. Modern PLC’s

9. P ROGRAMMING OF PLC  Early PLC’s were programmed by using specific purpose programming terminals.  The programs were stored in cassette tape cartridges.  Facilities of printing and documentation were very minimal due to the lack of memory.  The very old PLC used non-volatile magnetic core memory.

10. C ONTINUED …..  Recent PLC’s are programmed using application software's on personal computers.  Computer is connected to PLC through RS-232, RS-485 or RS-422.  The software provides the facilities of debugging and troubleshooting the PLC software.  Modern PLC’s use EEPROM or EPROM as a memory.

11. P ROGRAMMING OF PLC

12. P ROGRAMMING OF MICROCONTROLLER o The data transmitted from the pole systems is received by a microcontroller at the substation. o Firstly, initialize all ports of microcontroller as input or output as per required. o Set the tolerance depending on the loss of line for which this system is installed. o Set the delay time (say 10 min) depending on after how much time interval system scan the line for theft detection.

13. P ROGRAMMING OF MICROCONTROLLER CONTINUED … o Take data from data receiver i.e. power consumed by load at preset time interval(10 min). o Take data from meters on pole representing power sent over that line for preset value. o If power sent is more than power consumed by load considering tolerance power theft is occuring. o Send the signal of power theft.

14. T HEFT I NDICATION AND ALARM  A control board is present at the substation which contains a series of LEDs along the map of the distribution network.  Each LEDs corresponds to a pole system.  Presence of ‘1’ leads to glowing of a LED indicating theft at corresponding pole system.  Hence power theft is detected and efficiently managed.

15. E STIMATED POWER LOSS Considering a supply source of 230 V connected with existing load of 100W, and a tapped load of 100W at 1 km from the feeding point. Then the current in the distribution line (before tapping point) = 0.88 A Current in the tapped load i.e.= 0.44 A Active power in the distribution line P = 198.7 W If tapped load is connected at a distance of 2 km from the feeding point. Current in the distribution line = 0.88 A Active power P = 198.5 W Now if load is connected at a distance 3 km from the feeding point Current in the distribution line = 0.88 A Active power P = 198.1 W The active power loss on 1 km = (200-198.7) =1.3 W For 2 km. = (200- 198.5) =1.5 W For 3 km = (200 -198.1) = 1.9 W

16. BUDGET  No. of digital data transmitter& receiver per locality=20  Price of each transmitter/receiver= 1,750 Rs  Total cost = 35,000 Rs  No. of microcontroller per locality=1  Price of each microcontroller= 150 Rs  Cost of each pole system = 150(microcontroller) + 500 (energy meter) = 650 Rs

17. BUDGET  Cost at substation = (processing boards) +10,000 (PLC) ( LEDs) + 500 (wires) + 300 (switches) = 10,800 Rs  Total Installation Cost =35,000 + 650 + 10,800 = 46,450 Rs

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