1. Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

3. Modern evolutionary theory is a synthesis of Darwinian selection and Mendelian inheritance Evolution happens to populations A population is defined by its gene pool. Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

4. The Hardy-Weinberg Theorem The frequencies of alleles in the population will remain constant if Mendelian segregation is the only process that affects the gene pool. Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations Important definition

5. The Hardy-Weinberg Equation p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1 Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

6. The Hardy-Weinberg Equation p q p pp pq q pq qq Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

7. p q p pp pq q pq qq Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1

8. p q p pp pq q pq qq Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1

9. p q p pp pq q pq qq Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1

10. p q p pp pq q pq qq Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1

11. p q p pp pq q pq qq Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1

12. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Very large population Totally isolated No mutations Random mating Equal reproductive success. Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

13. Microevolution Very large population Totally isolated No mutations Random mating Equal reproductive success Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

14. Microevolution Genetic drift Totally isolated No mutations Random mating Equal reproductive success Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

15. Microevolution Genetic drift Migration No mutations Random mating Equal reproductive success Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

16. Microevolution Genetic drift Migration Mutations Random mating Equal reproductive success Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

17. Microevolution Genetic drift Migration Mutation Natural selection and sexual selection Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

18. Microevolution Generation-to-generation change in allele frequencies. Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations Important definition

19. Genetic variation Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

20. Genetic variation Within populations and between populations. Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

21. Genetic variation Produced by: Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

22. Genetic variation Produced by: Mutations Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

23. Genetic variation Produced by: Mutations Sexual recombination. Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

24. Genetic variation Preserved by: Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

25. Genetic variation Preserved by: Diploidy Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

26. Genetic variation Preserved by: Diploidy Balanced polymorphism –Heterozygote advantage –Frequency-dependent selection. Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

27. Fitness Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

28. Fitness The relative contribution an individual makes to the next generation’s gene pool. Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations Important definition

29. Fitness Selection favors genotypes by acting on phenotypes. Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

30. Kinds of selection Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

31. Kinds of selection Directional Stabilizing Diversifying. Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

32. Disadvantages of sexual reproduction: Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

33. Disadvantages of sexual reproduction: Only half the population can give birth. Only half the offspring can give birth. Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

34. Advantages of sexual reproduction: Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

35. Advantages of sexual reproduction: Genetic variation provides resistance to disease. This is enough to overcome the disadvantages. Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

36. Sexual selection leads to sexual dimorphism. Intrasexual selection: Intersexual selection: Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

37. Sexual selection leads to sexual dimorphism. Intrasexual selection: Competition between members of same sex. Intersexual selection: Choosiness for mates. Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations

38. Evolution has its limits. 1.Evolution builds on existing structures 2.Adaptations are compromises. 3.Chance is a powerful force 4.Existing alleles can be favored, but new ones cannot be made on demand.. Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations