2. Genes and Variation Natural Selection Earth History SpeciationMisc. 10 20 30 40 50

3. Question 1 - 10 In genetic terms, _________ is any change in the relative frequency of alleles in a population

4. Answer 1 – 10 Evolution

5. Question 1 - 20 The number of times that the allele occurs in a gene pool, compared with the number of times other alleles for the same gene occur

6. Answer 1 – 20 Relative frequency (Allele frequency would also be accepted)

7. Question 1 - 30 The two main sources of genetic variation

8. Answer 1 – 30 Gene shuffling and mutations

9. Question 1 - 40 There are 10 alleles for B (black fur) and 40 alleles for b (brown fur). What is the allele frequency for the black fur allele?

10. Answer 1 – 40 20% 10/50 =.2

11. Question 1 - 50 The following picture shows the distribution of phenotypes that would be found for this type of trait. (Controlled by two or more genes.)

12. Answer 1 – 50 Polygenic

13. Question 2 - 10 The following picture represents what type of selection on a polygenic trait?

14. Answer 2 – 10 Directional

15. Question 2 - 20 The mass of human infants at birth is under the influence. Very small babies and very large babies are selected against. What type of selection is this?

16. Answer 2 – 20 Stabilizing selection

17. Question 2 - 30 The graph shows this type of selection.

18. Answer 2 – 30 Disruptive

19. Question 2 - 40 In a small population, individuals that carry a particular allele may leave more descendants than other individuals, just by chance. Over time this can cause an allele to become more common in a population. This random change in allele frequency is called….

20. Answer 2 – 40 Genetic drift

21. Question 2 - 50 A situation where allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population.

22. Answer 2 – 50 Founder effect

23. Question 3 - 10 The Earth is considered to be this old ____

24. Answer 3 – 10 4.6 billion

25. Question 3 - 20 Define half life

26. Answer 3 – 20 Length of time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay

27. Question 3 - 30 Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic are all examples of this (a division of the geologic time scale)

28. Answer 3 – 30 eras

29. Question 3 - 40 Over ___ of all species that have ever lived on earth have become extinct. (Think of your homework)

30. Answer 3 – 40 99%

31. Question 3 - 50 A sample contains 1/16 the original amount of carbon-14. THIS many half lives have gone by.

32. Answer 3 – 50 4 half lives

33. Question 4 - 10 The formation of a new species

34. Answer 4 – 10 Speciation (I hope you were paying attention to the topic…)

35. Question 4 - 20 When members of two populations are no longer able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

36. Answer 4 – 20 Reproductive isolation

37. Question 4 - 30 Type of isolation that occurs when two populations are capable of interbreeding but have differences in courtship rituals or other reproductive strategies

38. Answer 4 – 30 Behavioral isolation

39. Question 4 - 40 Two populations are separated by geographical barriers such as mountains or rivers

40. Answer 4 – 40 Geographic isolation

41. Question 4 - 50 A group of individuals of the same species that interbreed make up this

42. Answer 4 – 50 population

43. Question 5 - 10 This is the definition of a species

44. Answer 5 – 10 A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

45. Question 5 - 20 This states that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause those frequencies to change

46. Answer 5 – 20 Hardy Weinberg principle or genetic equilibrium

47. Question 5 - 30 Describe 3 of the 5 conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium

48. Answer 5 – 30 Large population No mutations Random mating No immigration or emgration No natural selection

49. Question 5 - 40 List the characteristics (letters) of the ant

50. Answer 5 – 40 D,C,B,A

51. Question 5 - 50 Point to the common ancestor of the tuna and salamander

52. Answer 5 – 50 Where the two lines meet