1. TTdF – EPS Conference Manchester (UK), July 2007 Neutrino hiererchy from atmospheric and beta beam neutrinos with high density magnetised detectors [1] Physics issues [2] A multi-GeV Beta Beam [3] Detector concept [4] Performance [5] CP sensitivity [6] Neutrino hierarchy [7] Atmospheric neutrinos [8] Muon charge asymmetry [9] Combining information [10] Sensitivity to sign(  m 2 23 ) [11] Summary A.Donini (1), E.Fernandez-Martinez (1), P.Milgliozzi (2), S.Rigolin (1), L.Scotto Lavinia (2), M.Selvi (3), T.Tabarelli de Fatis (4 ), F.Terranova (5) (1) I.F.T. and Dep. Fisica Teorica, U.A.M., Madrid, Spain, (2) INFN and Dip. di Fisica, Università “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy, (3) INFN and Dip. di Fisica, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy, (4) INFN and Dip. di Fisica, Università di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy, (5) INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy Physics issues Detector concept Sensitivity forecast CP phase from  appaerance at multi-GeV beta beams Neutrino hierarchy form Earth-induced matter effetcs with beta beams and atmospheric neutrinos Summary [arXiv::hep-ph/0703209]

2. TTdF – EPS Conference Manchester (UK), July 2007 Physics issues Neutrino oscillations implies two  m scales Oscillations at the “atmospheric” scale Mainly    Possible sub-dominant   e effects  Size of  13 ?  Dirac CP-phase in the mixing matrix?  Neutrino hierarchy (through MSW effects)? The size of  13 can be established by current/planned experiments, if larger than about 3 o New facilities needed to address the CP-phase and the neutrino hierarchy [1] Physics issues [2] A multi-GeV Beta Beam [3] Detector concept [4] Performance [5] CP sensitivity [6] Neutrino hierarchy [7] Atmospheric neutrinos [8] Muon charge asymmetry [9] Combining information [10] Sensitivity to sign(  m 2 23 ) [11] Summary

3. TTdF – EPS Conference Manchester (UK), July 2007 200 kW Linac4 + RCS Super-SPS A multi-GeV beta beam [A.Donini et al. Eur.Phys.J. C48, 787 (2006)] Larger cross-section with lower uncertainty Enable  appearance in a high density detector Ideal baseline  700 km for E  1 GeV  CERN-LNGS S-SPS based design lenght: 6880 m useful decays: 23% 8.3 T magnets (LHC) [1] Physics issues [2] A multi-GeV Beta Beam [3] Detector concept [4] Performance [5] CP sensitivity [6] Neutrino hierarchy [7] Atmospheric neutrinos [8] Muon charge asymmetry [9] Combining information [10] Sensitivity to sign(  m 2 23 ) [11] Summary A novel last-stage booster: expensive but synergical with the upgrades of the LHC. Fast cycling magnets up to 4-5T to allow injection at 1 TeV, reduces the dynamic effects of persistent currents and increase the peak luminosity. Mandatory for DLHC Pure e or e !

4. TTdF – EPS Conference Manchester (UK), July 2007 Detector concept A 40 kton high density detector for  -CC appearance Muon track length  1 m/GeV Hadron interaction length in Fe  14 cm Full GEANT3 simulation: Event selection based on inclusive variables 4 cm 2 cm Digital readout: 2x2 cm 2 (Active detector options: RPC/Sci) No need for magnetic field [1] Physics issues [2] A multi-GeV Beta Beam [3] Detector concept [4] Performance [5] CP sensitivity [6] Neutrino hierarchy [7] Atmospheric neutrinos [8] Muon charge asymmetry [9] Combining information [10] Sensitivity to sign(  m 2 23 ) [11] Summary

5. TTdF – EPS Conference Manchester (UK), July 2007 Performance Signal efficiency and background mis-identification as a function of the neutrino energy Neutrinos from 18 Ne at  =580Antineutrinos from 6 He at  =350 [1] Physics issues [2] A multi-GeV Beta Beam [3] Detector concept [4] Performance [5] CP sensitivity [6] Neutrino hierarchy [7] Atmospheric neutrinos [8] Muon charge asymmetry [9] Combining information [10] Sensitivity to sign(  m 2 23 ) [11] Summary

6. TTdF – EPS Conference Manchester (UK), July 2007 CP sensitivity The CP phase can be established down to 20 o for any value of  13 covered by forthcoming experiments  ( 18 Ne)=580,  ( 6 He)=350 10 y exposure, 99% C.L. Adjust flux or detector mass: Nominal rate / 2 Nominal rate Nominal rate x 2 SPS-based Beta Beam with Mton-size water Cherenkov detector sign(  m 2 23 )=+ 1 [1] Physics issues [2] A multi-GeV Beta Beam [3] Detector concept [4] Performance [5] CP sensitivity [6] Neutrino hierarchy [7] Atmospheric neutrinos [8] Muon charge asymmetry [9] Combining information [10] Sensitivity to sign(  m 2 23 ) [11] Summary

7. TTdF – EPS Conference Manchester (UK), July 2007 Neutrino hierarchy Blind region for low mass experiments Sensitivity based mainly on event counting Poor spectral information Sensitivity to the neutrino hierarchy at 99% C.L.  13 = 4 o  = -90 o sign(  m 2 )=+1 sign(  m 2 ) = +1 sign(  m 2 ) = -1 Allowed regions for & runs [1] Physics issues [2] A multi-GeV Beta Beam [3] Detector concept [4] Performance [5] CP sensitivity [6] Neutrino hierarchy [7] Atmospheric neutrinos [8] Muon charge asymmetry [9] Combining information [10] Sensitivity to sign(  m 2 23 ) [11] Summary

8. TTdF – EPS Conference Manchester (UK), July 2007 Atmospheric neutrinos Also an ideal detector for Earth-induced matter effects on multi-GeV atmospheric muon neutrinos  m 2 12 L/E  0  1-2 sector inactive Relevant parameters:  13,  23,  m 2 23 (CP-blind) Resonant   e transistion either on or anti- depending on the sign of  m 2 23 Largest effects in the Earth’s mantle (E R  7 GeV) Magnetic field required e.g. MONOLITH / INO / Minos [1] Physics issues [2] A multi-GeV Beta Beam [3] Detector concept [4] Performance [5] CP sensitivity [6] Neutrino hierarchy [7] Atmospheric neutrinos [8] Muon charge asymmetry [9] Combining information [10] Sensitivity to sign(  m 2 23 ) [11] Summary

9. TTdF – EPS Conference Manchester (UK), July 2007 Muon charge asymmetry Not a pure beam:  (  ) obs /  (  ) exp = P  +  (e)/  (  ) P e  Asymmetry in upgoing (referred to downgoing) muons Size and sign of the effect   13 & sign(  m 2 ) Effects do not add up coherently in L/E Best sensitivity in a two-dimensional analysis Next results based on MONOLITH studies [TTdF, Eur.Phys.J.C24,43,2002]  m 2 = +0.0025 eV 2 ;  13 = 12 o   [1] Physics issues [2] A multi-GeV Beta Beam [3] Detector concept [4] Performance [5] CP sensitivity [6] Neutrino hierarchy [7] Atmospheric neutrinos [8] Muon charge asymmetry [9] Combining information [10] Sensitivity to sign(  m 2 23 ) [11] Summary

10. TTdF – EPS Conference Manchester (UK), July 2007 Combining information Marginal sensitivity by atmospheric data alone Combined sensitivity takes advantage of the precision measurement of  13 at beta beam  m 2 = + 0.0025 eV 2 ;  13 = 7 o  = - 50 o Wrong hypothesis 400 kty [1] Physics issues [2] A multi-GeV Beta Beam [3] Detector concept [4] Performance [5] CP sensitivity [6] Neutrino hierarchy [7] Atmospheric neutrinos [8] Muon charge asymmetry [9] Combining information [10] Sensitivity to sign(  m 2 23 ) [11] Summary

11. TTdF – EPS Conference Manchester (UK), July 2007 Sensitivity to the sign of  m 2 23 The sign of  m 2 23 can be established at 90% C.L. for any value of the CP-phase and for  13 larger than 4 o [1] Physics issues [2] A multi-GeV Beta Beam [3] Detector concept [4] Performance [5] CP sensitivity [6] Neutrino hierarchy [7] Atmospheric neutrinos [8] Muon charge asymmetry [9] Combining information [10] Sensitivity to sign(  m 2 23 ) [11] Summary

12. TTdF – EPS Conference Manchester (UK), July 2007 Summary A 40 kton magnetized iron detector can efficiently exploit A multi-GeV CERN-LNGS beta beam Atmospheric neutrinos A wide range of the mixing and mass parameter space can be covered Work in progress: B field effect NC background rejection at beta beam (signal has a definite charge, NC bkg is a mixture of  +/  -) Improved results possible with improved detector parameters (MONOLITH granularity worse than present design) [1] Physics issues [2] A multi-GeV Beta Beam [3] Detector concept [4] Performance [5] CP sensitivity [6] Neutrino hierarchy [7] Atmospheric neutrinos [8] Muon charge asymmetry [9] Combining information [10] Sensitivity to sign(  m 2 23 ) [11] Summary