1. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Drawing Packages Presented by Kate Nordland

2. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Summary  What will be covered →How to create an assembly drawing. →How to create a standard parts sheet.  Key Points →Assembly drawings show how individual parts fit together to make a machine. →A standard parts sheet contains purchased items.

3. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Working Drawing Package  Working Drawing Package: A packet of drawings that gives the specifications necessary to manufacture a design.  A typical working drawing package includes; →an assembly drawing, →detailed drawings, →and a standard parts sheet.

4. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Drawing Order  Drawings included in a working drawing package should be presented in the following order. →Assembly drawing (first sheet) →Part Number 1 →Part Number 2 →.... →Standard parts sheet (last sheet)

5. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Assembly Drawings

6. Part# ’ s Parts List (Bill of Materials)

7. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Selecting Views  We need as many views as it takes to identify and locate each part. →It may only take one view. →It may take more.

8. Needed only 1 view to locate all of the parts.

9. Needed 3 views to locate all of the parts.

10. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Sectional Views  Sectional views are used quite often when drawing assemblies.  Assemblies often have parts fitting into or overlapping other parts and we need to look inside the assembly to see clearly.

12. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Things to Include / Not Include  When deciding what to include in an assembly drawing remember; →The purpose of an assembly drawing is to show how the individual parts fit together. →It is not used as a manufacturing print.

13. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Things to Include / Not Include  The assembly drawing should not look overly cluttered. →Hidden lines should be used wherever necessary for clearness. →They should be left off when they impair clearness. →When a section view is used, hidden lines should not be used in that view.

14. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Dimensions  Do we include dimensions? →As a rule, dimensions are not given on assembly drawings. →If dimensions are given, they are limited to some function of the object as a whole.

15. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Title Block  Title blocks include important information about the part.

16. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Identification  Ballooning: A part is located and identified, in an assembly drawing, by using a circle containing the part number and a leader line that points to the corresponding part.

17. Balloons containing part numbers. Leader lines point to the corresponding part.

18. Balloons are placed in orderly horizontal or vertical rows.

19. The leader lines; - should not cross, - be as parallel as possible.

20. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Parts List / Bill of Material  The parts list is an itemized list of the parts that make up the assembled machine. Includes part number, part name, the number required and the material of the part. Other information can be included, such as, stock sizes of materials and weights of the parts.

21. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Parts List / Bill of Material  Parts are listed in order of their part #.  Part #’s are usually assigned based on the size or importance of the part.

22. The parts list may be placed in the upper right corner of the drawing. - Part# 1 is at the top.

23. The parts list may be placed in the lower right corner of the drawing. - Part# 1 is at the bottom.

24. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Detailed Drawings

25. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Detailed Drawings  Detailed Drawing: An orthographic projection, complete with all the dimensions and specifications needed to manufacture the object.  Orthographic Projection: A shape description of an object (front, top, right side views).

26. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Principles of Good Dimensioning From Fundamentals of Graphics Communication By Gary Bertoline and Eric Wiebe The overriding principle of dimensioning is clarity. 1.Each feature of an object is dimensioned once and only once. 2.Dimensions should be selected to suit the function of the object. 3.Dimensions should be placed in the most descriptive view of the feature being dimensioned. 4. Dimensions should not be placed to hidden lines. 5.Dimensions should specify only the size of a feature. The manufacturing method should only be specified if it is a mandatory design requirement. 6.Angles shown on drawings as right angles are assumed to be 90 degrees unless otherwise specified, and they need not be dimensioned. 7.Dimensions should be located outside the boundaries of the object whenever possible. 8.Dimension lines should be aligned and grouped where possible to promote clarity and uniform appearance. 9.Crossed dimension lines should be avoided whenever possible. When dimension lines must cross, they should be unbroken. 10.The space between the first dimension line and the object should be at least 3/8 in (10 mm). The space between dimension lines should be at least 1/4 inch (6mm).

27. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Principles of Good Dimensioning 11. There should be a visible gap between the object and the origin of an extension line. 12.Extension lines should extend 1/8 inch (3 mm) beyond the last dimension line. 13.Leader lines used to dimension circles or arcs should be radial. 14.Dimensions should be oriented to be read from the bottom of the drawing. 15.Diameters are dimensioned with a numerical value preceded by the diameter symbol. 16.Concentric circles should be dimensioned in a longitudinal view whenever possible. 17.Radii are dimensioned with a numerical value preceded by the radius symbol (R). 18.When a dimension is given to the center of an arc or radius, a small cross is shown at the center. 19.The depth of a blind hole may be specified in a note. The depth is measured from the surface of the object to the deepest point where the hole still measures a full diameter in width. 20.Counterbored, spotfaced, or countersunk holes should be specified in a note.

28. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Learning to Dimension  What is our goal when dimensioning a part? →Basically, dimensions should be given in a clear and concise manner and should include everything needed to produce and inspect the part exactly as intended by the designer.

29. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Lettering  Lettering should be legible, easy to read, and uniform throughout the drawing. →Upper case letters should be used for all lettering unless a lower case is required. →The minimum lettering height is 0.12 in (3 mm).

30. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Arrowheads  Arrowheads are drawn between the extension lines if possible. If space is limited, they may be drawn on the outside.

31. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Dimensioning Symbols  Dimensioning symbols replace text. →The goal of using dimensioning symbols is to eliminate the need for language translation.  Why is it important to use symbols. →How many products are designed in the United States? →How many products are manufactured or assembled in the United States?

32. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Spacing and Readability  Dimensions should be easy to read, and minimize the possibility for conflicting interpretations.

33. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Spacing and Readability a)The spacing between dimension lines should be uniform throughout the drawing. b)Do not dimension inside an object or have the dimension line touch the object unless clearness is gained.

34. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Spacing and Readability c)Dimension text should be horizontal which means that it is read from the bottom of the drawing. d)Dimension text should not cross dimension, extension or visible lines.

35. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Spacing and Readability e)Dimension lines should not cross extension lines or other dimension lines. →Extension lines can cross other extension lines or visible lines. f)Extension lines and centerlines should not connect between views.

36. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Spacing and Readability g)Leader lines should be straight, not curved, and point to the center of the arc or circle at an angle between 30 o – 60 o. h)Dimensions should not be duplicated or the same information given in two different ways. →If a reference dimension is used, the size value is placed within parentheses (e.g. (10) ).

37. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only 1) Spacing 6) Missing dim. (Ø of hole) 3 & 4) Text 5) No Gap 2) Don’t dim. inside the object.

38. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Correctly Dimensioned

39. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Dimension Placement  Dimensions should be placed in such a way as to enhance the communication of your design. a)Do not dimension hidden lines. b)Dimensions should be attached to the view where the shape is shown best. c)Dimensions should be grouped whenever possible.

40. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only 2) Don’t dim. Hidden lines 3) Dim where feature shown best 4) Long ext. line 1) Group

41. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Correctly Dimensioned

42. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Dimensioning Features d)Repetitive features or dimensions may be specified by using the symbol “X” along with the number of times the feature is repeated. →There is no space between the number of times the feature is repeated and the “X” symbol, however, there is a space between the symbol “X” and the dimension.

43. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Dimensioning Features a)A circle is dimensioned by its diameter and an arc by its radius using a leader line and a note.

44. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Dimensioning Features a)If a dimension is given to the center of a radius, a small cross is drawn at the center.

45. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Dimensioning Features b)A complete sphere is dimensioned by its diameter and an incomplete sphere by its radius.

46. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Dimensioning Features c)The depth of a blind hole may be specified in a note and is the depth of the full diameter from the surface of the object.

47. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Dimensioning Features f)Counterbored holes Drill DIA C’Bore DIA C’Bore depth

48. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Dimensioning Features h)Countersunk Holes Drill DIA Drill Depth C’Sink DIA C’Sink angle Space

49. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Dimensioning Features i)Chamfers: Dimensioned by a linear dimension and an angle, or by two linear dimensions.

50. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Drawing Notes  Drawing notes give additional information that is used to complement conventional dimension. →manufacturing requirements →treatments and finishes →blanket dimensions (e.g. size of all rounds and fillets on a casting or a blanket tolerance).  The note area is identified with the heading “NOTE:”.

51. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only What are the 7 dimensioning mistakes?

52. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only 1 & 2) Use symbols 3) Spaces 5) Radius 7) Locate radius center 6) Don’t dim. hidden features 4) Dim. where features is shown best

53. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Correctly Dimensioned

54. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Standard Parts Page

55. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Standard Parts  Standard parts include any part that can be bought off the shelf. →They do not need to be drawn. →Purchasing information is given on the standard parts sheet attached to the back of the working drawing package.

56. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Standard Parts Sheet Example Information needed to purchase the item Part Name Part Number

57. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Standard Parts  What type of information should be included?

58. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only General Fastener Specifications  Thread specification (for threaded fasteners)  Name of fastener  Head/Point style or shape (if applicable)  Fastener length or size  Fastener series  Material  Special requirements (coatings, finishes, specifications to meet)  REQ’D (i.e. number required)

59. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Working Drawing Package Example

60. Copyright © 2006 by K. Plantenberg Restricted use only Drawing Package Example  An assembly drawing of the Trolley shown.  Detailed drawings of the individual parts.  A standard parts sheet