1. Balance Sheets of the War: Social, Economic, and Political Effects of the Civil War © Mark Batik, Jesuit College Preparatory

2. “Total War” All levels of society involved in the war Affected peoples lives on a more thorough level than previous wars Depersonalization of fighting Sherman’s March example

3. Science of War New Weapon Technologies Bigger, faster, more accurate weapons Repeating revolvers Rifling New Technologies Trained Force Strategy Navy Frank Leslie's Pictorial History of the War of 1861; Descriptive, Statistical and Documentary. Edited by E. G. Squier. New York: Frank Leslie, Publisher, No. 19 City Hall Square, 1861-1862. Issued in Parts.Special Collections and Preservation Division. No. 8. Thirteen- inch shell mortar, as used by the U. S. Army, weight of mortar 17,000 pounds.

4. Conscription Early on, lots of volunteers Conscription used to solve manpower shortages Confederates conscript first in 1862 Union draft followed Enrollment Act of 1863 (males 20-45)

7. Financing the War (C) Problems: Light tax burden Lacked bureaucracy Lacked hard/liquid wealth Solutions? Minor tariff Small direct tax Loans Print Money

8. Result of Confederate Finance

9. Financing the War (U) Increased tariff rates (1862 Morill Tariff Act) Initial preference for hard money and loans (65% of its revenue) The Legal Tender Act (1862) authorized the issue of Treasury notes (Greenbacks) Internal taxation (Internal Revenue Act 1862) Other taxes

10. Casualties

11. Effect on Government Authority Draft Free speech issues Suspension of the Writ of Habeas Corpus Use of military tribunals and detention Expanded executive power Raise armies without Congressional approval Emancipation Proclamation

12. Effects of the Civil War Politics Lack of Southerners allows North to get things done Homestead Act Transcontinental Railroad Protective Tariff Land Grant Colleges

13. Effect of War on Government Sets the stage for Radical Reconstruction Suppresses ideas of nullification, secession, and states rights Supremacy of federal government confirmed