1. Vocabulary Sheet Place at the beginning of your notebook for reference throughout the course You are to define the terms on your own time and use the resource however you choose Good preparation for AP…vocabulary is half the battle

2. Do Now: “To consider” (5 min) Write a brief reaction to the following quote… “The environmental crisis is an outward manifestation of a crisis of mind and spirit. There could be no greater misconception of its meaning than to believe it is concerned only with endangered wildlife, human- made ugliness, and pollution. These are part of it, but more importantly, the crisis is concerned with the kinds of creatures we are and what we must become in order to survive” -Lynton K. Caldwell

3. Chapter 1 – Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability

4. Objectives What is an environmentally sustainable society? How can environmental sustainable societies grow economically? How are our ecological footprints affecting the Earth? Why do we have environmental problems? What are four scientific principles of sustainability?

5. Core Case Study: Living in an Exponential Age Impact of human exponential growth on Increased consumption and loss of resources Loss of animal and plant species

6. How rapidly is the human population growing? Ex of exponential growth More than 6.6 billion people currently We are adding 76 million people per year increase pop → increase need for resources What are some events that marked a change in human population numbers and why?

7. Practice with Population Growth “Growing, growing, gone” Do all questions and stop at Doubling Time

8. How do we measure population growth? Doubling Time and the Rule of 70 Number of years it takes for a population growing at a specific rate to double its size To calculate Doubling time in years = 70 ÷ growth rate (%) Ex: 2002 population grew by 1.28%. If the rate continues, when will the population double in size? X= 70 ÷ 1.28 X= 54.7 or 54 years

9. Practice… Growing, growing, gone: Doubling Time

10. The power of doubling lab Each table needs 3 plastic cups or pieces of white paper Bag of beans 2 pennies or coins

11. The important environmental issues we’ll be discussing throughout the year 1. Population growth 2. Increasing resource usage 3. Global climate change 4. Premature extinction of plants and animals 5. Pollution 6. Poverty

12. What do I need to understand to study Environmental Science? Natural sciences Social sciences Humanities

13. Individual Activity: Can you think sustainably? You just bought a piece of property and are going to build your own sustainable farm You have a two story house with no electrical wires The property includes a large stream It is surrounded by forest Draw your property and what you think you need to survive Be prepared to explain your thinking and the reasons for your choices

14. Pair Activity: Can you think sustainably? You just bought a piece of property and are going to build your own sustainable farm You have a two story house with no electrical wires The property includes a large stream It is surrounded by forest For about 2 or 3 minutes, brainstorm with your partner what you need to survive sustainably. Draw your property and what you think you need to survive Be prepared to explain your thinking and the reasons for your choices

15. Aim: What does it mean to be a sustainable society?

16. So…what do you think? First…what is sustainability?  The ability of a system to survive and adapt for some specified amount of time

17. What do you need to be sustainable? Satisfy need for food, clean air and water, shelter WITHOUT depleting or degrading the natural resources or preventing future generations from meeting their basic needs

18. Key components to sustainability 1. Natural capital & nutrient cycling 2. Recognize that human activity can degrade natural capital 3. Search for solutions to problems and conflict resolution 4. Recognizing conflict resolution may include trade offs or compromises

19. 1.Natural Capital = Natural Resources + Natural Services Fig. 1-3, p. 8 Air Air purification Climate control Water Water purification Waste treatment Nonrenewable minerals iron, sand) Natural gas Oil Soil Soil renewal Nonrenewable energy (fossil fuels) Solar capital Land Food production Nutrient recycling Coal seam Life (biodiversity) Population control Pest control Renewable energy (sun, wind, water flows) UV protection (ozone layer) Natural resources Natural services Fig. 1-3, p. 8

20. What are natural resources? Materials and energy in nature essential and useful to humans Renewable Water, oxygen, timber, food Nonrenewable Coal, oil, gas, minerals

21. Natural Services and Natural Capital Natural Services: support life and human economies which are functions of nature (nutrient cycling) Natural Capital: The natural resources and natural services that keep us and other forms of life alive and support our economies

22. Nutrient Cycling

23. 2. Human activity may degrade natural capital Use > renewing

24. 3 & 4. Search for solutions and trade offs Trade-offs Politics Regulations

25. In conclusion… Concept 1-1A Our lives and economies depend on energy from the sun (solar capital) and on natural resources and natural services (natural capital) provided by the earth. Concept 1-1B Living sustainability means living off the earth’s natural income without depleting or degrading the natural capital that supplies it.

26. Do Now: 1. Make a list of your favorite possessions 2. From that list, star the possessions you can’t live without

27. Patagonia Product Footprint

28. How does economic development affect people? Improves living standards (health, food, water, shelter, air…) Gross domestic product (GDP)  Country’s economic growth  Annual market value of all goods & services (foreign/domestic) Per capita GDP  Changes in economic growth per person Purchasing power parity (PPP) plus GDP are combined for per capita GDP PPP and compares that country to US

29. Developed vs. Developing Countries

30. Human Population Growth Population is growing exponentially at a worldwide rate of 1.35%. In developing countries it is 1.7%. In developed countries it is 0.1%. 226,000 more people per day Fig. 1.1, p. 2 World total Developing countries Developed countries 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1950 200020502100 10 developed developing world

31. Developed vs Developing Nations Internet Activity

32. Developed Countries Developing Countries US, Canada, Australia, Europe, Japan 19% of world’s population 85% of world’s wealth and income Use 88% of natural resources Generate 75% of pollution and waste Africa, Asia, Latin America 81% of world’s population 15% of world’s wealth and income Use 12% of natural resources Generate 25% of pollution and waste

33. What are the positives and negatives of economic development? Positives Negatives Increased life expectancy Reduced infant mortality More food production Increased access to safe drinking water More efficient production of goods Reduction of air and water pollution in developing countries Developing countries still have lower avg. life expectancies Infant mortality still higher in developing countries Need for more sustainable food production & resource use Acute poverty Human disturbance

34. Globalization Positives Negatives Increased international trade Increased communication (Internet) Increased transport of species and infectious disease Transfer of pollutants

35. Pakistan - Developing Country http://www.ausaid.gov.au/ngos/devel_list.cfm Group 1: Geography Group 2: Economics Group 3: Government/ Military Group 4: Population/Demographics Group 5: Social/Ethical

36. In conclusion… Concept 1-2 Societies can become more environmentally sustainable through economic development dedicated to improving the quality of life for everyone without degrading the earth's life support systems.

37. Do Now: In your notebook react to the following quotes … “If I do not use this resource, someone else will. The little bit that I use or pollute is not enough to matter, and anyway, it’s a renewable resource” ~ The Tragedy of the Commons

38. What are resources? Anything obtained from the environment to meet a human need or want What are examples?

39. Perpetual, Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources Perpetual Resource Renewed continuously on human scale Ex: Sun Renewable Resource Renewed fairly rapidly on human scale Ex: forests, grasslands, fertile soil Nonrenewable Resource Exist in fixed quantity & renewed extremely slowly on human scale Ex: coal, oil, natural gas, iron, copper

41. Nonrenewable Resources Will nonrenewable resources ever be completely exhausted? No they just become economically depleted. Meaning… cost to extract > economic value Now what… Try to find more (oil) Recycle or reuse what we have Waste less Use less Develop substitutes Wait millions of years for more production naturally??!!

42. Consumption of Natural Resources & Footprints

43. What is an ecological footprint? Ecological footprint Amount of land & water needed to produce resources needed by the average person Environmental impact of each person Cultural Impact 12,000 years ago: hunters and gatherers Three major cultural events 1. Agricultural revolution 2. Industrial-medical revolution 3. Information-globalization revolution

44. In conclusion… Concept 1-3 As our ecological footprints grow, we are depleting and degrading more of the earth’s natural capital.

45. Do Now: Which picture makes you the most unhappy? The least? Why?

46. What is pollution & where did it come from? Any addition that threatens health, survival, or activities of humans or other organisms Natural Volcanoes Anthropogenic Burning coal, cars

47. Point Source Pollution Nonpoint sources Come from single, identifiable source Ex: smokestacks, power plants, drainpipes, exhaust pipe on car Come from dispersed, difficult to identify sources Runoff from fertilizers & pesticides, airborne transmission of pesticides 1. How do we deal with point source pollution? 2. How do we deal with nonpoint source pollution?

48. What are some questions that come to mind regarding this picture and pollution? 1. How can we clean up the smoke? 2. How can we avoid producing the smoke in the first place?

49. Why is pollution bad & what can we do? Prevention Remediation and cleaning What’s the problem then???? 1. Temporary bandages 2. Removal in 1 area often pollutes another 3. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification

50. How can government encourage pollution prevention and cleanup? Stricter regulation Incentives (tax write offs) or penalties Providing assistance during transition periods ????

51. In conclusion… Concept 1-4 Preventing pollution is more effective and less costly than cleaning up pollution.

52. Do Now: Brain storm this question…

53. To name a few… 1. Population growth 2. Wasteful, unsustainable resource use 3. Poverty 4. Failure to impose environmental costs 5. Lack of education

54. Air Pollution Global climate change Stratospheric ozone depletion Urban air pollution Acid deposition Outdoor pollutants Indoor pollutants Noise Biodiversity Depletion Habitat destruction Habitat degradation Extinction Water Pollution Sediment Nutrient overload Toxic chemicals Infectious agents Oxygen depletion Pesticides Oil spills Excess heat Waste Production Solid waste Hazardous waste Food Supply Problems Overgrazing Farmland loss and degradation Wetlands loss and degradation Overfishing Coastal pollution Soil erosion Soil salinization Soil waterlogging Water shortages Groundwater depletion Loss of biodiversity Poor nutrition Major Environmental Problems Fig. 1.13, p. 14

55. How can we reduce our environmental impact? 1. Slow population growth 2. Decrease resource use & waste 3. Increase use of environmentally sound technologies 4. Phase out environmentally harmful technologies

56. Are we sustainable or not? Lots of disagreement! Analysts believe 1. We can clean up pollution to safe levels 2. Can find alternatives or substitutes when scarcity occurs 3. We should keep expanding Earth’s ability to support humans as we have done in the past 4. That scientists are exaggerating the problems & not appreciating the advances we have made Scientists believe 1. Disrupting the systems at an accelerating rate 2. There is encouragement in our progress with making life more valuable for the average person but we still have a lot of work to do

57. Who do you believe????

58. In conclusion… Concept 1-5A Major causes of environmental problems are population growth, wasteful and unsustainable resource use, poverty, exclusion of environmental costs of resource use from the market prices of goods and services, and attempts to manage nature with insufficient knowledge. Concept 1-5B People with different environmental worldviews often disagree about the seriousness of environmental problems and what we should do about them

60. Four Scientific Principles of Sustainability

61. Solutions For Environmental or Sustainability Revolution

62. In conclusion… Concept 1- 6 Nature has sustained itself for billions of years by using solar energy, biodiversity, population control, and nutrient cycling—lessons from nature that we can apply to our lifestyles and economies.