2. FIREARMS PATRICK GILES, SHANE STEPHENS, BRYAN SIRES Provided by Dr. James Corbett, Agriculture Teacher, Lowndes Co. High School GA Ag Ed Curriculum Office To accompany Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum Lesson 03411 July 2002

3. OBJECTIVES Students will be able to recognize the ten most important safety rules Students will be able to recognize the ten most important safety rules Students will be able to understand the importance of muzzle control Students will be able to understand the importance of muzzle control Students will be able to identify the three basic parts which all guns have and explain the function of each Students will be able to identify the three basic parts which all guns have and explain the function of each Students will be able to identify the three basic types of firearms and the different types of actions Students will be able to identify the three basic types of firearms and the different types of actions Students will understand and be able to explain caliber and gauge Students will understand and be able to explain caliber and gauge Students will know the basic components of modern ammunition and will be able to describe their role in the firing sequence Students will know the basic components of modern ammunition and will be able to describe their role in the firing sequence

4. OBJECTIVES (CONTINUED) Students will understand the dangers that may be involved in firing antique firearms and replicas, and in the use of black powder vs. smokeless powder Students will understand the dangers that may be involved in firing antique firearms and replicas, and in the use of black powder vs. smokeless powder Students will understand and be able to explain zones of fire Students will understand and be able to explain zones of fire Students will understand how to safely transport firearms Students will understand how to safely transport firearms

5. OBJECTIVES (CONTINUED) Students will understand the importance of properly cleaning firearms Students will understand the importance of properly cleaning firearms Students will understand how to safely and properly store firearms and ammo Students will understand how to safely and properly store firearms and ammo

6. TERMS TO KNOW  Firearm -a tool invented by man to propel a projectile such as a bullet  Safety -designed to prevent the firearm from firing accidentally  Magazine -holds stored cartridges ready to be loaded into chamber  Shot -small lead or steel pellets

7. Ten Commandments of Firearm Safety 1.Control the direction of your firearm’s muzzle. 6.Never point a firearm at anything you do not want to shoot. 2.Identify your target and what is beyond it. 7.Never climb a fence or tree, or jump a ditch or log, with a loaded firearm. 3.Treat every firearm with the same respect due a loaded firearm. 8.Never shoot a bullet at a flat, hard surface or water. 4.Be sure the barrel and action are clear of obstructions and that you have only ammo of the proper size for the firearm you are carrying. 9.Store firearms and ammunition separately beyond the reach of children and careless adults. 5.Unload firearms when not in use. 10.Avoid alcoholic beverages or other mood-altering drugs before or while shooting

8. TYPES OF FIREARMS RIFLES-HAVE A THICKER BARREL AND GROOVES CUT INTO THE METAL RIFLES-HAVE A THICKER BARREL AND GROOVES CUT INTO THE METAL SHOTGUNS-FIRE MANY SMALL LEAD OR STEEL PELLETS, CALLED A SHOT, IN A PATTERN AT A TARGET SHOTGUNS-FIRE MANY SMALL LEAD OR STEEL PELLETS, CALLED A SHOT, IN A PATTERN AT A TARGET HANDGUNS HANDGUNS

9. RIFLES GROOVES ARE CUT INTO THE METAL OF THE BARREL TO MAKE THE BULLET SPIN AS IT GOES THROUGH THE BARREL WHICH MAKES IT GO STAIGHTER AND FARTHER GROOVES ARE CUT INTO THE METAL OF THE BARREL TO MAKE THE BULLET SPIN AS IT GOES THROUGH THE BARREL WHICH MAKES IT GO STAIGHTER AND FARTHER THERE ARE FIVE TYPES OF RIFLE ACTIONS: BOLT, LEVER ACTION, PUMP,SEMI- AUTOMATIC, AND BREAK ACTION THERE ARE FIVE TYPES OF RIFLE ACTIONS: BOLT, LEVER ACTION, PUMP,SEMI- AUTOMATIC, AND BREAK ACTION

10. SHOTGUNS THE MOST VERSATILE HUNTING FIREARM THE MOST VERSATILE HUNTING FIREARM THEY FIRE MANY SMALL LEAD OR STEEL PELLTS, CALLED A SHOT THEY FIRE MANY SMALL LEAD OR STEEL PELLTS, CALLED A SHOT SHOTGUNS CAN BE USED AS RIFLES WITH SOME GAME ANIMALS-THEY USE EITHER RIFLED SLUGS OR BUCKSHOT SHOTGUNS CAN BE USED AS RIFLES WITH SOME GAME ANIMALS-THEY USE EITHER RIFLED SLUGS OR BUCKSHOT

11. FIREARMS HANDLING AND SAFETY 1.ALWAYS CONTROL THE MUZZLE OF YOUR FIREARM, POINTING IT IN A SAFE DIRECTION. 1.ALWAYS CONTROL THE MUZZLE OF YOUR FIREARM, POINTING IT IN A SAFE DIRECTION. Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to fire. Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to fire. 2.TREAT EACH FIREARM AS IF IT IS LOADED. 2.TREAT EACH FIREARM AS IF IT IS LOADED. Never accept a firearm from anyone else until you have checked personally to see that it is unloaded Never accept a firearm from anyone else until you have checked personally to see that it is unloaded

12. FIREARM HANDLING AND SAFETY (CONTINUED) 3. BE SURE OF YOUR TARGET, AND WHAT IS BEYOND IT 3. BE SURE OF YOUR TARGET, AND WHAT IS BEYOND IT DON’T TAKE AN OVER THE HILL SHOT DON’T TAKE AN OVER THE HILL SHOT THERE ARE MANY SAFE WAYS TO CARRY A FIREARM: ELBOW, CRADLE, TRAIL, SHOULDER, DOUBLE HAND, SLING THERE ARE MANY SAFE WAYS TO CARRY A FIREARM: ELBOW, CRADLE, TRAIL, SHOULDER, DOUBLE HAND, SLING

13. SAFE SHOOTING ZONES THE MOST EXPERIENCED MEMBER OF THE GROUP NEEDS TO PERSONALLY INSTRUCT EACH HUNTER ON HIS DIRECTION THEY SHOULD FIRE. THE MOST EXPERIENCED MEMBER OF THE GROUP NEEDS TO PERSONALLY INSTRUCT EACH HUNTER ON HIS DIRECTION THEY SHOULD FIRE. A PERSON ON THE LEFT WILL SHOOT IN THE LEFT DIRECTION, MIDDLE IN THE MIDDLE DIRECTION, AND RIGHT TO THE RIGHT DIRECION. A PERSON ON THE LEFT WILL SHOOT IN THE LEFT DIRECTION, MIDDLE IN THE MIDDLE DIRECTION, AND RIGHT TO THE RIGHT DIRECION.

14. FIREARM PARTS AND AMMO DIFFERENT FIREARMS HAVE DIFFERENT PARTS, BUT THERE ARE THREE BASIC PARTS WHICH ALL GUNS HAVE: THE TRIGGER, BARREL, AND SOME KIND OF SIGHT DIFFERENT FIREARMS HAVE DIFFERENT PARTS, BUT THERE ARE THREE BASIC PARTS WHICH ALL GUNS HAVE: THE TRIGGER, BARREL, AND SOME KIND OF SIGHT The trigger fires the ammo The trigger fires the ammo The barrel makes the ammo spiral or decides how it patterns out The barrel makes the ammo spiral or decides how it patterns out The sight gives someone a way to aim the gun The sight gives someone a way to aim the gun

15. AMMUNITION There are three types of ammunition: rimfire, centerfire, and shotgun shells. There are three types of ammunition: rimfire, centerfire, and shotgun shells. Rimfire and centerfire cartridges are fired in the same way in which your trigger releases the hammer that drives a firing pin into the primer area; the primer explodes, setting fire to the powder which causes very high gas pressure which pushes the bullet or shot out of the firearm’s barrel. Rimfire and centerfire cartridges are fired in the same way in which your trigger releases the hammer that drives a firing pin into the primer area; the primer explodes, setting fire to the powder which causes very high gas pressure which pushes the bullet or shot out of the firearm’s barrel.

16. CLEANING AND STORAGE Your firearm should be cleaned after each use-use solvent to clean the bore thoroughly Your firearm should be cleaned after each use-use solvent to clean the bore thoroughly A horizontal rack is fine for storage A horizontal rack is fine for storage A cased firearm should be placed muzzle down A cased firearm should be placed muzzle down

17. CHAPTER REVIEW 1. Name the 3 basic parts of a rifle or shotgun -barrel, action, and stock 2. What are the four parts of a rifle cartridge? -case, primer, powder, and bullet 3. Name the five types of actions. -bolt, lever, pump, semi-automatic, break 4. What is the purpose of the safety? -to prevent the firearm from firing if the trigger is accidentally pulled 5. Name two safety procedures for storing firearms. -put it in a case and store it horizontally

18. CHAPTER REVIEW (CONT.) 6. How can a hunter be certain his ammo is the correct and safe size? -check the caliber or gauge stamped on the barrel 7. Explain the shoulder carry and tell when it should not be used. -you hold the firearm at the grip and lean it on your shoulder, you should not use it if there is someone behind you 8. What is a zone of fire?-a direction in which a hunter can fire 9. What are four positions to hold rifles steady?- prone,standing,sitting,kneeling 10. Explain the shooter’s stance when using a shotgun?-you shift your weight to the leg out in front and lean into the shotgun