1. Orange oil, Lemon grass oil, Sandal wood PERFUMES AND FLAVOURS PH103.59 1

2. 2 Department of Technical Education Andhra Pradesh Name: BVSN Murty Designation : Lecturer in Pharmacy Branch: PHARMACY Institute: Govt.,Polytechnic for Women, Srikakulam Year/Semester: I Year Subject: Pharmacognosy Subject code: PH-103 Topic: PERFUMES AND FLAVOURS Duration: 50 Mts Sub Topic: Orange oil, Lemon grass oil, Sandal wood Teaching Aids: PPT, PHOTOGRAPHS

3. Recap In the last class we learnt about : The monographs of Flavouring agents & Perfumes Lemon oil Peppermint oil PH103.59 3

4. PH103.59 4 Objectives On completion of this period you would be able to know: Definition of Perfumes and Flavours and monograph of Orange oil, Lemon grass oil, Sandal wood

5. Known to Unknown 1.Can you tell the name of one oil which is a source of vitamin A? 2.Is it orange oil (or) coriander oil (or) lemon grass oil Ans. Lemon grass oil PH103.59 5

6. 6 Synonym Sweet orange oil Oleum Auranti Biological sources: It is the volatile oil obtained from the fresh orange peels of Citrus aurantium Citrus sinenses Family : Rutacceae Orange oil Fig.59.1 Orange fruits

7. PH103.59 7 Geographical source: India, Spain West Indies Morocco Sicily In India Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and Punjab Orange oil Fig.59.2 Orange tree

8. PH103.59 8 Description : Colour : Yellowish to yellowish brown liquid Odour: Characteristic Taste: Aromatic and Characteristic Solubility: Insoluble in water Soluble in absolute alcohol and rectified alcohol Orange oil

9. PH103.59 9 Standards : Optical rotation:+94°C to +99°C Refractive Index:1.472 to 1.476 Weight per ml:0.842 to 0.846 Non volatile matter:1 to 5% Orange oil

10. PH103.59 10 Chemical constituents : 90% Limonene Centronellal Citral Decenal Uses : Flavouring agent Perfume Orange oil

11. PH103.59 11 Synonyms: East Indian lemon grass oil Biological source : Volatile oil obtained by steam distillation from the leaves and aerial parts of the plants of Cymbopogon flexuousus, Cymbopogon citratus Family : Graminae Lemon Grass Oil Fig.59.3 Lemongrass

12. PH103.59 12 Geographical source: India, West Africa and East Africa In India Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab Lemon Grass Oil Fig.59.4 Lemongrass

13. PH103.59 13 Organoleptic Characters: Colour: Yellowish brown liquid Odour: Resembling lemon oil Taste : Aromatic Solubility : Insoluble in water Soluble in mineral oil and Propylene glycol Soluble in 3 parts of 70% alcohol & fixed oil Lemon Grass Oil

14. PH103.59 14 Standards: Optical rotation:-3 o to +1 o Refractive Index:1.4808 to 1.4868 Non-volatile matter:3 to 4 per cent Lemon Grass Oil

15. PH103.59 15 Chemical Constituents: Citral Methyl heptenol Nerol Geraniol Uses : Flavouring agent and in Perfumery Source for synthesis of Vitamin Lemon Grass Oil

16. PH-103.58 16 Synonym: Yellow sandal wood, Lignum santali Biological source : Dried heart wood of Santalum album Family : Santalaceae Sandal Wood Fig. 59.5 Sandalwood

17. PH-103.58 17 Geographical source: India, Malaysia In India mainly in South Indian States of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu Sandal Wood Fig.59.6 Sandalwood tree

18. PH103.59 18 Description : Colour: Yellowish or pale reddish Odour: Strong and fragrant Taste: Slightly bitter Sandal Wood

19. PH103.59 19 Chemical constituents : Sandal wood oil Sandal wood oil contains 95% two isomeric sesquiterpene alcohols,  -santalol and  santalol An aldehyde santalol C 15 H 22 O,Santene, Santenone, Sandal Wood

20. PH103.59 20 Uses : Symptomatic treatment of Dysurea Perfume inCosmetics and Incense sticks Sandal Wood

21. PH103.59 21 Summary In this class we learnt about : Orange oil obtained from Citrus sinensis or Citrus aurantium Lemon Grass oil obtained by Steam distillation of Cymbopogon flexuousus Sandal wood is the dried heart wood of Santalum album Used as a Flavouring agent and in perfumery

22. PH103.59 22 1.Lemon grass oil belongs to a.Leguminosae b.Graminae c.Solanaceae d.Labiatae Quiz

23. PH103.59 23 2. Orange oil belongs to a.Rutaceae b.Labiatae c.Zingiberaceae d.Graminae Quiz

24. PH103.59 24 3.Sandal wood is used as a.Antiseptic b.Expectorant c.Colouring agent d.Flavouring agent Quiz

25. Frequently asked Questions 1.Write the Biological source and uses of Lemongrass oil 2.Give the list of Chemical constituents and uses of Sandal wood. 3.Give the list of Chemical constituents of Orange oil 25 PH103.58