1. The Scientific Revolution in Europe : What was it? a period of time (c.1500- 1700) where many new Scientific discoveries were being made in the fields of astronomy, math science, medicine and other areas Because many of these discoveries went against “church” teachings many of these scientists were in constant fear of the CHURCH

2. The use of REASON A central belief and practice of the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution to think or argue in a logical manner. to think or argue in a logical manner. to form conclusions, judgments, or inferences from facts or premises. to form conclusions, judgments, or inferences from facts or premises. to urge reasons which should determine belief or action. to urge reasons which should determine belief or action. to think through logically, as a problem to think through logically, as a problem to conclude or infer. to conclude or infer. to convince, persuade, etc., by reasoning. to convince, persuade, etc., by reasoning. to support with reasons. to support with reasons.

3. Complete these sentences… The geocentric theory… The heliocentric theory… Nicklaus Copernicus …. Galileo… Isaac Newton…

4. 1.Greek Philosopher Aristotle reasons that the earth is at the center of the solar system, Ptolemy agrees that the sun goes around the earth, The Catholic Church makes these beliefs their official doctrine 2.Tycho Brahe discovers a new star which contradicts Aristotle’s theory that the heavens are unchanging 3.Dutch scientist Zacharias Janssen invents the microscope 4.Johannes Keplar publishes his theory that planets do not travel in circles around the sun, like Copernicus had stated, but in elliptical paths 5.Hearing of the concept of a telescope Galileo makes a better, more powerful one 6.William Harvey completes his book on the human heart and blood circulation 7.Galileo publishes his book entitled Starry Messenger which clearly supports the Copernican view of the Heliocentric theory 8.Galileo is put on trial by the Catholic Church and forced to recant his beliefs of the Heliocentric theory 9.Robert Boyle writes a chemistry book explaining how all elements are made up of particles refuting Aristotle’s belief that all things are made of either, earth, fire, water or air. 10.Anton Leewenhoek uses a microscope to see bacteria growing on food 11. Isaac Newton publishes his 3- volume book on the universal laws of gravitation 12. Dutch physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit invents the first mercury thermometer British physician Edward Jenner develops the first vaccine for smallpox

5. Geocentric: EARTH is center of solar system (not true) but the CHURCH said it was true

6. Heliocentric: SUN is Center of Solar system (true) Nicolaus Copernicus a Polish astronomer, wrote a book called De Revolutionibus that explained at length the Heliocentric theory. a Polish astronomer, wrote a book called De Revolutionibus that explained at length the Heliocentric theory. Fear of the Catholic Church made him wait until the final year of his life to print it Fear of the Catholic Church made him wait until the final year of his life to print it

7. Geocentric vs. Heliocentric EARTH is center of solar system EARTH is center of solar system Greek scientists Ptolemy and Aristotle’s and Church agree Greek scientists Ptolemy and Aristotle’s and Church agree SUN is Center of Solar systen SUN is Center of Solar systen Observations from scientists like Copernicus, Keplar and Galileo Observations from scientists like Copernicus, Keplar and Galileo

8. The Scientific Revolution began by people questioning what: A. The Heliocentric theory B. The laws of motion C. The validity of the Keplar’s thesis D. The Geocentric theory

9. Nicolaus Copernicus a Polish astronomer, wrote a book called De Revolutionibus that explained at length the Heliocentric theory. Fear of the Catholic Church made him wait until the final year of his life to print it

10. Galileo Galilei Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries. perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries. Put on trial for believing the Coperinican theory of Heliocentric Put on trial for believing the Coperinican theory of Heliocentric Recanted (took back) his position and placed under house arrest until his death Recanted (took back) his position and placed under house arrest until his death

11. The Inquisition Church courts that investigated and prosecuted persons accused of heresy Church courts that investigated and prosecuted persons accused of heresy Many times they used torture to get accused persons to ‘recant’ or take-back what they had said or taught Many times they used torture to get accused persons to ‘recant’ or take-back what they had said or taught

12. “I do not feel obliged to believe that the same God who has endowed us with senses, reason and intellect has intended us to forgo their use.” “I do not feel obliged to believe that the same God who has endowed us with senses, reason and intellect has intended us to forgo their use.” -Galileo Galilei -Galileo Galilei

13. “If I have seen farther than others it is because I’ve been standing on the shoulders of giants”

14. Sir Isaac Newton English mathematician and scientist who invented differential calculus and formulated the theory of universal gravitation, a theory about the nature of light, and three laws of motion. His treatise on gravitation, presented in Principia Mathematica (1687), was supposedly inspired by the sight of a falling apple. English mathematician and scientist who invented differential calculus and formulated the theory of universal gravitation, a theory about the nature of light, and three laws of motion. His treatise on gravitation, presented in Principia Mathematica (1687), was supposedly inspired by the sight of a falling apple.

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