1. What is a phylogenetic tree?

2. M. A. Norell et al., Science 317, 1378 -1381 (2007)

3. Dunn et al. 2008

4. Synapsids Ancestral amniote Reptiles Diapsids Archosaurs Saurischians Lepidosaurs Dinosaurs Parareptiles Turtles Crocodilians Pterosaurs Ornithischian dinosaurs Saurischian dinosaurs other than birds Birds Plesiosaurs Ichthyosaurs Tuatara Squamates Mammals Campbell & Reece textbook

5. Common ancestry models Pedigree –A depiction of the ancestry relations within populations –Net-like (reticulate) Phylogeny –A depiction of the ancestry relations between species –Tree-like (divergent)

6. Four plants connected to their parents parents offspring

7. past future

9. Lineage-branching Speciation What happened here?

11. Extinction

12. ABC The True History ABC A simplified representation Representation of phylogenies?

13. Some terms used to describe a phylogenetic tree Taxon (taxa) TipLeaf Internal branch Node Root