1. Anxiety Disorders A group of conditions where the primary symptoms are anxiety or defenses against anxiety. The patient fears something awful will happen to them. They are in a state of apprehension or nervousness.

2. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Marked by disruptive levels of persistent feelings of apprehension and tenseness. Symptoms include restlessness, feeling on edge, irritability, sleep disturbance. 2 out of 3 – women.

3. Panic Disorder An anxiety disorder marked by a minutes-long episode of intense dread (Panic Attack) in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking and other frightening sensations. Can cause secondary disorders like agoraphobia.

4. Phobias Marked by disruptive, irrational fears of objects, activities, or situations. Specific phobias – like arachnophobia. Social phobias (i.e. Agoraphobia) – fear of public places.

5. Examples of Phobias Name of the phobia:Fear of: XenophobiaStrangers OphidiophobiaSnakes PanaphobiaEverything Santa ClaustrophobiaStuck in chimneys NumerophobiaNumbers ArachnophobiaSpiders MurophobiaMice MikrophobiaGerms

6. Obsessive-compulsive disorder Persistent unwanted thoughts (obsessions) cause someone to feel the need to engage in a particular repetitive action (compulsion).

7. Common Examples of OCD Common Obsessions: Common Compulsions: Contamination fears of germs, dirt, etc. Washing Imagining having harmed self or others Repeating Imagining losing control of aggressive urges Checking Intrusive sexual thoughts or urgesTouching A need to have things "just so"Hoarding or saving

8. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Flashbacks or nightmares following a person’s involvement in an extremely stressful event. Memories of the event cause anxiety. War veterans and “shell shock.”

9. Biological Causes of Anxiety Disorders Heredity or predisposition - (twin studies). Brain function - (fMRI scans of OCD patients show higher anterior cingulate cortex activity). Evolution – likely to fear situations that posed threat to early humans.

10. Learning Factors and Anxiety Disorders Conditioning - remember Little Albert? Observational learning – seeing someone else respond with fear (i.e. a sibling). Reinforcement – learning to associate emotions with actions and the results that follow those actions.