1. Varying Sentence Structure

2. The Simple Sentence A simple sentence has one independent clause (one subject and a verb): I live in Gaza. Subject Verb

3. Compound Sentence A compound sentence contains two independent clauses that are joined together. She works in the city, but she lives in the suburbs. Independent Clause

4. Coordinating Conjunctions FANBOYS Logical RelationshipCoordinating Conjunction Additionand Contrastbut, yet Choiceor, nor CauseFor Resultso

5. John cannot focus on his study because there is so much noise outside. Complex Sentences A complex sentence contains at least one independent clause and one (or more) dependent clause. Independent Clause Dependent Clause Subordinating Conjunction

6. because as since although even though where wherever after as soon as before since until when whenever while until unless Subordinators

7. 1. Some people like to relax and do nothing when they take a vacation. 2. Other people like to travel, and still others like to have an adventure. 3. Unusual vacations are becoming popular. 4. For example, people go hiking in Nepal or river rafting in Ecuador. 5. Some people spend their vacations learning, and some spend their vacations helping others. Activity 1: Identify the different types of sentences:

8. 6. A friend of mine likes to help people, so he spent his summer helping to build a school in Bangladesh. 7. After he returned home, he wanted to go back to help build a medical clinic. 8. People may find the local scenery a little boring after they have climbed volcanoes in Guatemala or ridden camels in Egypt. Activity 1: Identify the different types of sentences:

9. Activity 2: Find five compound sentences and three complex sentences 1Succeeding in a U.S. college may require new strategies for students from other cultures. 2Here are a few tips from a U.S. college professor. 3First, attend every class. 4Professors talk about the most important material in class. 5When you aren't there, you miss important information. 6Second, take good notes. 7Then review or recopy your notes as soon as you can. 8Third, don't be afraid to ask questions whenever you don't understand something. 9Professors want their students to succeed, so they want them to ask questions. 10Fourth, get to know your professors personally. 11Go to their office during office hours, and introduce yourself. 12Don't waste professors’ time, but make sure they know your name and face. 13Finally, get involved in a campus activity, or get a job in the bookstore. 14Go to football and basketball games. 15Join a club. 16Be friendly, and talk to everyone – other students, professors, secretaries, cafeteria workers, and janitors. 17Active, involved students are successful students.

10. 1. The weather is beautiful. It is supposed to rain today. 2. You can hike the trail. You can hire a guide to take you on horseback. 3. You start college. You sometimes have to take a placement test. 4. They want to compete in a marathon. They run every day. 5. The teacher collected the tests. She dismissed the class. 6. Huda studies hard. She does not get good grades. Activity 3: Combine the following sentences using compound and complex sentences:

11. Adding Variety to Sentence Structure To make your writing more interesting, you should try to vary your sentences in terms of length and structure. You can make some of your sentences long and others short. - Simple Sentence - Compound Sentence - Complex Sentence

12. This paragraph does not read as smoothly because it contains no sentence variety. Simple Sentences I live in San Francisco. I love San Francisco. I have a lovely apartment. It has a wonderful view of the entire city. I can see the Golden Gate Bridge. I can see many cargo ships pass under the bridge each day. I like the restaurants in San Francisco. I can find wonderful food from just about every country. I don’t like the traffic in the city.

13. Excellent! This paragraph reads more smoothly because it has more sentence structure variety. I love living in the city of San Francisco. I have a lovely apartment which has a wonderful view of the entire city. In addition, I can see the Golden Gate Bridge under which many ships pass each day. I also like San Francisco because I can find wonderful restaurants with food from just about every country, but I don’t like the traffic in the city. Compound/Complex Sentence Complex Sentences Simple Sentence

14. Rewrite the following paragraph by joining simple sentences into complex and compound ones: The music star was young. He was dressed in a red shirt and blue jeans. Everyone looked at him. He knew they were looking at him. He smiled shyly. He grasped the microphone. He sang two songs. He wrote these songs himself. His fans were delighted. They greeted him with cheers and screams.

15. Everyone looked at the young music star who was dressed in a red shirt and blue jeans. He knew they were looking at him, so he smiled shyly. When he grasped the microphone, he sang two songs. He wrote these songs himself. His fans were delighted, and they greeted him with cheers and screams. Complex Sentence Compound sentence Simple Sentence

16. It was a dark and stormy night. The wind was high. The trees waved and crashed against the caravan. I looked around me. I saw that I wasn’t alone. A man stood behind me. He was tall. He was mean. He had a knife. It was shining in the moonlight. He reached back. He stabbed with it. I jumped out of the way. I ran away. Try it! Revise the following paragraph using compound and complex sentences

17. It was a dark and stormy night, and the wind was high. The trees waved and crashed against the caravan. When I looked around me, I saw that I wasn’t alone. A man, who was tall and mean, stood behind me. He had a knife which was shining in the moonlight. He reached back and stabbed with it, but I jumped out of the way and ran away.