1. Insect Classification

2. Insects are members of the Phylum Arthropoda (jointed foot)
Five important extant Classes of Arthropods are arachnids, chilopods, diplopods, crustaceans and hexapods or insecta (six feet).
The insecta class is then divided into orders, families, genera, and species

3. All arthropods possess :
Exoskeleton - a hard protective covering around the outside of the body (divided by sutures into plates called sclerites)
Segmented body
Jointed limbs and jointed mouthparts - that allow extensive specialization
Bilateral symmetry - a central line can divide the body into two identical halves, left and right

4. Major classes of anthropods:
Class Arachnida (arachnids): spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, etc.
2 body segments - cephalothorax and abdomen
8 legs
1 pair of chelicerae
no antennae
Some mites are pests

5. Class Chilopoda (centipedes)
many body segments
1 pair of legs per body segment
1 pair of antennae
Feed on insects
Can be beneficial�

6. Class Diplopoda (millipedes)
many body segments
2 pair of legs per body segment
1 pair of antennae
Can be minor pests

7. Class Crustacea (crustaceans): crabs, shrimp, barnacles, sowbugs, etc.
2 body segments
Segments may be fused
5 pairs of legs
2 pairs of antennae
Can be minor pests

8. Class Symphyla (symphylans)
2 body segments
12 pairs of legs
Can be a major garden pests

9. Class Insecta (Insects); beetles, bugs, wasps, moths, flies, butterflies, etc.
3 body segments
6 legs
1 pair of antennae
Can be beneficial or pest

11. Major Orders of class Insecta

12. Insect Orders ORDER Common Name(s) Mouthparts Wings Other
Metamorphosis
Mouthparts
Wings
Other

13. Knowing the insect order gives you valuable information about many insects:
Type of mouthparts
Life cycle
Type of habitat (or host)

15. Coleoptera "hard wings"

16. Coleoptera (beetles, weevils)
Complete metamorphosis
Adults have hard outer skeleton
Chewing mouthparts
Noticeable antanae
Two pair of wings, outer pair hardened
Beneficial pollinators
Foliage and root pests

17. Dermapetra "leathery wings"

18. Dermaptera (earwigs) Simple metamorphosis
Nymphs look similar to adults
Short, hardened outer wings
Chewing mouthparts
Omnivourous (may feed on aphids - beneficial)
Mostly feed on fruit and foliage

19. Diptera "two wings"

20. Diptera (flies, mosquitos, gnats, midges)
Complete metamorphosis
Larvae have mouth hooks or chewing parts
Larvae called “maggots”
Adults have one pair of wings and are soft bodied or hairy
Adults have sponging (housefly) or piercing (mosquito) mouthparts
Larvae are major recycling organism
Many are parasitic or predaceous - beneficial
Mosquitos are vectors of disease

21. Hemiptera "half wings"

22. Hemiptera (stinkbugs, plant bugs, squash bugs, boxelder bugs)
Simple metamorphosis
Larvae resemble adults
Adults have piercing-sucking mouthparts
Two pairs of wings
Nymphs and adults are damaging pests
Some are predators - beneficial

23. Homoptera same wings
Some of the most destructive insects in agriculture

24. Homoptera (scale insects,mealybugs, whiteflies, aphids, cicadas, leafhoppers)
Simple metamorphosis
Nymphs usually resemble adults
Adults small and soft bodied (except cicadas)
There can be winged and unwinged adults in same species
Sucking mouthparts
Carriers of plant pathogens

25. Hymenopera "membrane wings"

26. Hymenoptera (bees, ants, wasps, sawflies, horntails)
Complete metamorphosis
Larvae may have no legs
Adults have two pair wings
Soft bodied or slightly hard bodied
Chewing mouthparts
Many beneficial species in this order – prey on or parasitize harmful insects
Important pollinators

27. Lepidotera "scaly wings"

28. Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths)
Complete metamorphosis
Larvae are wormlike catepillars
Chewing mouthparts, voracious eaters
Adults are soft bodied with 4 well developed wings covered with scales
Adult mouthpart is coiled sucking tube, feed on nectar
Major pollinators
Catepillars are plant pests

29. Neuroptera "net-veined wings"

30. Neuroptera (lacewings, dobsonflies, alderflies, dustywings)
Complete metamorphosis
Adults have two pair similar wings
Chewing mouthparts
Important predators of garden pests

31. Orthoptera "straight wings"

32. Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, praying mantis)
Simple metamorphosis
Nymphs resemble adults, except wingless
Adults moderate size to large, hard bodied
Two pair of wings
Chewing mouthparts
Hind legs often enlarged for jumping
Adults and nymphs are damaging
Praying mantids are beneficial predators

33. Thysanoptera "fringed wings"
thrips

34. Thysanoptera (thrips)
Mixture complete and simple metamorphosis
Adults are small, soft bodied insects
Rasping-sucking mouthparts
Two pair slender wings, fringed with hair

35. Can you guess what “tera” means?
Why might it be important to know the type of mouthparts?
What are some names we call larvae? (grub, maggot, catepillar)
Why is knowing metamorphosis, or life cycle important?

36. Root words! Coleo = sheath Derm = skin, leathery Di = two Hemi = half
Homo = same, mirror image
Hymen = membrane
Iso = equal
Lepido = scale

37. metamorphosis “Complete“:
Egg – larvae (3-5 instar)– pupa – adult (emerges fully developed)
Instar: exoskeletal shedding of skin to grow
“Simple”
Egg – nymph - adult

38. mouthparts