1. Welcome to the flashcards tool for ‘The Study of Language, 5 th edition’, Chapter 14 This is designed as a simple supplementary resource for this textbook, and aims to help students grasp the meaning of the core essential terms within the book. Each term will appear on its own, and you can then click to check the definition. Click or press [space] to begin.

2. acquisition [ click for answer ] term:

3. the gradual development of ability in a first or second language by using it naturally in communicative situations [ click for next term ] definition:

4. learning [ click for answer ] term:

5. the conscious process of accumulating knowledge, in contrast to acquisition [ click for next term ] definition:

6. second language (L2) learning [ click for answer ] term:

7. the process of developing ability in another language, after L1 acquisition [ click for next term ] definition:

8. affective factors [ click for answer ] term:

9. emotional reactions such as self-consciousness or negative feelings that may influence learning [ click for next term ] definition:

10. audiolingual method [ click for answer ] term:

11. a mid-twentiethcentury approach to language teaching, with repetitive drills used to develop fluent spoken language as a set of habits [ click for next term ] definition:

12. communicative approaches [ click for answer ] term:

13. approaches to language teaching that are based on learning through using language rather than learning about language [ click for next term ] definition:

14. grammar–translation method [ click for answer ] term:

15. the traditional form of language teaching, with vocabulary lists and sets of grammar rules [ click for next term ] definition:

16. negative transfer [ click for answer ] term:

17. the use of a feature from the L1 (that is really different from the L2) while performing in the L2, in contrast to positive transfer [ click for next term ] definition:

18. positive transfer [ click for answer ] term:

19. the use of a feature from the L1 that is similar to the L2 while performing in the L2, in contrast to negative transfer [ click for next term ] definition:

20. transfer [ click for answer ] term:

21. using sounds, expressions and structures from the L1 while performing in an L2 [ click for next term ] definition:

22. fossilization [ click for answer ] term:

23. the process whereby an interlanguage, containing many non-L2 features, stops developing toward more accurate forms of the L2 [ click for next term ] definition:

24. instrumental motivation [ click for answer ] term:

25. the desire to learn an L2, not to join the community of L2-users, but to achieve some other goal, in contrast to integrative motivation [ click for next term ] definition:

26. integrative motivation [ click for answer ] term:

27. the desire to learn an L2 in order to take part in the social life of the community of L2- users, in contrast to instrumental motivation [ click for next term ] definition:

28. interlanguage [ click for answer ] term:

29. the interim system of L2 learners, which has some features of the L1 and L2 plus some that are independent of the L1 and the L2 [ click for next term ] definition:

30. foreigner talk [ click for answer ] term:

31. a way of using a language with non-native speakers that is simpler in structure and vocabulary [ click for next term ] definition:

32. negotiated input [ click for answer ] term:

33. L2 material that an acquirer/learner is exposed to when active attention is drawn to that material during interaction in the L2 [ click for next term ] definition:

34. output [ click for answer ] term:

35. the language produced by an acquirer/learner, in contrast to input [ click for next term ] definition:

36. communication strategy [ click for answer ] term:

37. a way of overcoming a gap between communicative intent and a limited ability to express that intent, as part of strategic competence [ click for next term ] definition:

38. communicative competence [ click for answer ] term:

39. the general ability to use language accurately, appropriately and flexibly [ click for next term ] definition:

40. grammatical competence [ click for answer ] term:

41. the ability to use words and structures accurately as part of communicative competence [ click for next term ] definition:

42. sociolinguistic competence [ click for answer ] term:

43. the ability to use language appropriately according to the social context as part of communicative competence [ click for next term ] definition:

44. strategic competence [ click for answer ] term:

45. the ability to use language to organize effective messages and to overcome potential communication problems as part of communicative competence [ click for next term ] definition:

46. task-based learning [ click for answer ] term:

47. using activities involving information exchange and problem solving as a way of developing ability in language [ click for next term ] definition:

48. applied linguistics [ click for answer ] term:

49. the study of a large range of practical issues involving language in general and second language learning in particular [ click to exit ] definition: