2. Borrowing is a consequence of cultural contact between two language communities. For a word to become a borrowing, it first has to go through “a foreign word” process.

7. Latin origin  pepper  pound  anchor  dish  chalk  kettle  sack

9. Latin origin  apostle  circle  comet  paper  martyr  master

15. Latin origin anatomy, abdomen, orbit, notorious, habitual, insane, meditate… Greek origin anonymous, atmosphere, autograph, catastrophe, climax, comedy, critic, data, history, pneumonia, skeleton, tonic, tragedy... Arabic origin Via Spanish: algebra, zenith, algorithm, alchemy...

18.  Words from European languages  French  High culture: roulet, cabernet, chic, salon..  War and military terms: bastion, brigade, cavalry, grenade..  Other: clique, denim, garage, grotesque, shock, jeans..  Spanish  armada, alligator, alpaca, armadillo, barricade, bravado, cannibal, canyon, coyote, embargo, enchilada, marijuana, mosquito, mustang, ranch, tornado...

19.  Italian  Broccoli, casino, soprano, macaroni, spaghetti, cappuccino, espresso, stanza, umbrella…  German  Noodle, poodle, strudel, schnitzel, pretzel, wurst, lager, kindergarten...

20.  Scandinavian  Ski, slalom, fjord, smorgasbord.. Russian Icon, perestroika, glasnost

21.  Words from other parts of the world  Sanskrit  Avatar, karma, swastika, yoga  Dravidian  Mango, curry  Hindi  Bungalow, jungle, pajamas, shampoo, punch (the drink)

22.  Chinese  Ketchup, tea, ginseng, chop suey..  Japanese  Geisha, kamikaze, karaoke, kimono, sumo, sushi, tsunami  Pacific Islands  Bamboo, taboo, tattoo, ukulele