1. The CERN Scientific Program Is there life after Higgs? CERN is the largest laboratory in the world for particle physics It has the world’s highest energy accelerator (the LHC) There is also a broad program of other experiments Livio Mapelli CERN - PH Department NEC’2015 - Budva, Montenegro - 28 September 2105

2. The Mission of CERN Push back the frontiers of knowledge Studying the structure of matter on the smallest distances/highest energies… what was the matter like in the first moments of the Universe’s existence? Develop new technologies for accelerators and detectors Information technology - the Web and the GRID Medicine - diagnosis and therapy Train scientists and engineers of tomorrow Unite people from different countries and cultures

3. CERN Accelerators Meyrin site NEC’2015 - Budva, Montenegro - 28 September 2015

4. Germany and CERN | May 2009 Big Bang Understanding the Universe Today 13.7 billion years 10 28 cm

5. Germany and CERN | May 2009 Hubble ALMA VLT WMAP Atom Proton Big Bang Radius of Earth Radius of Galaxies Earth to Sun Universe cm Study laws of physics at first moments after Big Bang Increasing symbiosis between Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology Accelerators act as super-microscopes LHC Setting the scale

6. The Standard Model Fermions (spin ½, quarks and leptons): the building blocks of matter Antimatter partners of each particle, produced in high-energy collisions e.g.  → e + e  Bosons (integer spin): carry the forces One missing piece (prior to the LHC): Higgs Boson, gives mass to particles

7. Germany and CERN | May 2009 Enter a New Era in Fundamental Science Start-up of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), one of the largest and truly global scientific projects ever, is the most exciting turning point in particle physics. ALICE LHCb ATLAS The Large Hadron Collider Search for the Higgs Boson, and physics beyond the Standard Model Exploration of a new energy frontier in p-p and Pb-Pb collisions Search for the Higgs Boson, and physics beyond the Standard Model Exploration of a new energy frontier in p-p and Pb-Pb collisions CMSTOTEM LHC ring: 27 km circumference Four major experiments

8. July 2012: “ATLAS and CMS observe a new particle compatible with the Higgs Boson”

9. Where we stand We have consolidated the Standard Model (a wealth of measurements at 7-8 TeV, including the rare, and very sensitive to New Physics, B s  μμ decay) We have completed the Standard Model: discovery of the messenger of the BEH-field, the Higgs boson discovery We found interesting properties of the hot dense matter We have NO evidence of New Physics After LHC Run 1: NEC’2015 - Budva, Montenegro - 28 September 2015

10. ISOLDE

11. Nuclear Physics: nTOF & ISOLDE nTOF (neutron time-of-flight) Measures neutron cross-sections Astrophysics Burning of nuclear waste New experimental area EAR-2 recently installed ISOLDE: radioactive ion beams Nuclear physics Astrophysics Solid state physics Medical applications Upgrade to higher intensity (HIE-ISOLDE) in progress for 2015+ 5 MeV/nucleon

12. Antiproton Decelerator

13. Antiproton & Antihydrogen Physics Matter-Antimatter comparison Fundamental in the current theory of physics: m = m, g = g ATRAP, ALPHA Trapping and spectroscopy of Hbar in a "bottle” ASACUSA Spectroscopy of exotic atoms and of in-flight Hbar BASE Magnetic moment of the antiproton AEgIS, GBAR Hbar free fall, gravity effect on antimatter Galileo’s experiment for antimatter! ACE Use of antiprotons for cancer therapy H H AEgIS

14. SPS North Hall

15. Fixed Target Physics COMPASS in North Hall (60 m long) Lower energy experiments at PS or SPS (in 1-100 GeV) range allow precision measurements and comparison with theory Deviations can be sign of new physics at higher energies DIRAC: pionic atoms (completed) COMPASS: muon spin physics, spectroscopy NA61: ion physics, quark gluon plasma NA62: rare K decays physics run starts this October NA63: electromagnetism in extreme conditions Lead ion collision

16. PS East Hall

17. Other experiments CLOUD - Study effect of cosmic rays on cloud formation Cosmic rays “simulated” by T11 beam, clouds created in a large climatic chamber Relevant to climate change CAST - Search for axions from sun Using a spare LHC dipole, pointing at sun Study for successor (IAXO) underway

18. Where we stand We have exhausted the number of “known unknowns” within the current paradigm. Although the SM enjoys an enviable state of health, we know it is incomplete, because it cannot explain several outstanding questions, supported in many cases by experimental observations. Is there life after Higgs? NEC’2015 - Budva, Montenegro - 28 September 2015

19. Future of the LHC Matter distribution: visible from X-rays (pink) Dark Matter from gravitational lensing (blue) The Standard Model is not the end of the story: e.g. gravity not included Dark matter (as “seen” in Astrophysics) not explained: need new particles? Why is the Universe made of matter, when matter and antimatter would be equally produced in the Big Bang? … Bullet cluster: colliding galaxies 2015-18: p-p collisions at E cm = 13–14 TeV (start-up in May) 2020s: High Luminosity LHC, > 10x more data Study Higgs couplings Search for new particles Study matter/antimatter differences

20. Looking for “unknown unknowns” Needs a synergic use of: High-Energy colliders neutrino experiments (solar, short/long baseline, reactors, 0  ββ decays), cosmic surveys (CMB, Supernovae, BAO, Dark E) dark matter direct and indirect detection precision measurements of rare decays and phenomena dedicated searches (WIMPS, axions, dark-sector particles) ….. NEC’2015 - Budva, Montenegro - 28 September 2015

21. European Strategy for Particle Physics High-priority large-scale scientific activities After careful analysis of many possible large-scale scientific activities requiring significant resources, sizeable collaborations and sustained commitment, the following four activities have been identified as carrying the highest priority. The discovery of the Higgs boson is the start of a major programme of work to measure this particle’s properties with the highest possible precision for testing the validity of the Standard Model and to search for further new physics at the energy frontier. The LHC is in a unique position to pursue this programme. Europe’s top priority should be the exploitation of the full potential of the LHC, including the high-luminosity upgrade of the machine and detectors with a view to collecting ten times more data than in the initial design, by around 2030. This upgrade programme will also provide further exciting opportunities for the study of flavour physics and the quark-gluon plasma. NEC’2015 - Budva, Montenegro - 28 September 2015

22. Livio Mapelli 22 FCC: Study of large circular machine with possible pp, ee (and eh) options Design to be driven by pp, aiming for 100 TeV c.m. for discovery reach Latest layout 93 km circumference [J. Osborne] CEPC: 54 km circular e + e - machine (China) Both are higher energy options than related facilities considered elsewhere: ILC: 30 km linear e + e - machine (Japan) [P. Burrows] [Y. Wang] FCC CLIC NEC’2015 - Budva, Montenegro - 28 September 2015

23. Livio Mapelli 23 Diversity Neutrino platform: supporting R&D on large-scale detectors WA104: ICARUS at CERNWA105: preparation of large dual-phase LAr TPC HIE-ISOLDE: upgrade to higher energy (10 MeV/nucleon) and intensity TSR@ISOLDE: transfer of a storage ring from Heidelberg, for integration into ISOLDE ELENA (Extra Low Energy Antiproton Ring): additional ring for the AD to provide cooler antiprotons to more experiments NEC’2015 - Budva, Montenegro - 28 September 2015

24. Administration & Infrastructure Sigurd Lettow DG Unit Research & Scientific Computing Sergio Bertolucci Accelerators & Technology Frédérick Bordry Finance & Procurement (FP) Thierry Lagrange General Services (GS) Lluis Miralles Verge Human Resources (HR) Anne-Sylvie Catherin Information Technology (IT) Frédéric Hemmer Physics (PH) Livio Mapelli Beams (BE) Paul Collier Engineering (EN) Roberto Saban Technology (TE) José Miguel Jiménez 3 sectors (Directors) 8 departments (Dept. heads) Director General Rolf Heuer CERN structure Physics department (PH) ~ 500 staff (~ 20% of CERN total) ~ 400 students/fellows/associates >11 000 users!

25. Summary The CERN scientific program is: Rich and diverse Covers a wide range of energies from atomic physics to the highest energy frontier Open to transfer of technology, education and relevance to issues in wider society (information, health, climate, energy, …) Will it be sufficient to discover the life that there is after Higgs?