1. Bell Activity In your sketchbook, draw a series of geometric shapes, such as triangles, squares, and circles. Alter these shapes by drawing them at odd angles, stacking them on top of each other, or drawing designs inside them. Write down how altering the shapes changed their appearance. List several adjectives that come to mind when you look at the first set of geometric shapes.

2. Shape, Form, and Space Mr. Knutson

3. Overview You live in a world full of objects. Every object has a shape or form to it. We often recognize objects by their shape or form.

9. Shape, Form, and Space Closely related to one another. They are all elements of art. Artists use them to help create works of art. The terms shape and form are often mistakenly used interchangeably in everyday language.

10. Shape, Form, and Space in Art What shapes did the artist use to create the feeling of claustrophic space? Which forms indicate deep space? Where does he use shape to indicate anger? What do you think the white arrows indicate? George Tooker. Highway. 1953. Tempera on panel. 22-7/8 x 17-7/8”.

11. Shapes and Forms All objects are either shapes or forms.

12. Shape A two-dimensional area that is defined in some way. –May be outlined or have a boundary around it. –Can also be recognized by its area

13. Two-Dimensional Shapes You see them every day. wallpaper curtains Floor tile clothing

14. Geometric Shapes Precise shapes that can be described using mathematical formulas. Basic geometric shapes are:

15. Geometric Shapes All other geometric shapes are either: –Variations of the basic shapes: +

16. Geometric Shapes Used for: –Decoration –Uniformity –Organization

17. Free-Form (Organic) Shapes Irregular and uneven shapes –Outlines may be Curved Angular Combination of both Often referred to as “organic” shapes –Resembles silhouettes of living things Animals People Trees

19. Forms Objects having three dimensions –Length –Width –Depth May be either geometric or free-form

20. Two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional forms are related…

21. Use of Geometric Forms Construction

22. Use of Geometric Forms Organization

23. Use of Geometric Forms Parts in machines

24. Use of Geometric Shapes Common Table Salt

25. Free-Form Shapes Irregular, uneven objects

26. Space The element of art that refers to the emptiness or area between, around, above, or within objects. Shapes and forms are defined by the space around and within them. –They depend on space for their existence.

27. Space Refers to –Outer Space –Inner Space

28. Types of Space Positive Space: Refers to the object or figure. Negative Space: Refers to the empty space between the shapes or forms.

29. Jasper Johns. Cups 4 Picasso. 1972. Lithogrpah. 22-1/2 x 32-1/4”

32. Sometimes it is difficult to tell the difference between the positive and the negative space

33. M.C. Escher. Relativity. 1953. Lithograph. 10.9 x 11.5” Sometimes artists try to confuse the viewer with their use of space.

34. Space in Three-Dimensional Art Three-dimensional art takes up real space –Examples: Architecture Sculpture Ceramics Jewelry One can go over, under, through, behind and around three-dimensional art.

35. Negative Space in 3-D Art Most three- dimensional works are meant to be freestanding They are surrounded by negative space Viewer must move through negative space to see all angles of view Myron. Discobolus. Bronze. c. 460 BC. 26 cm.

36. Relief Sculpture Not intended to be freestanding Projects from a flat surface into negative space. Can be found on ceramic pots, plaster ceilings, and walls.

38. High Relief Martyrdom of Christ sculpture at the hospital Saint Marcoul. High relief. (Rheims The Marne. France. April 1 1917).

39. Low Relief

41. How We Perceive Shape, Form, and Space Eyes and brain work together to enable you to see in three dimensions. Each eyes sees objects from a slightly different angle. The brain merges these two images into one, creating a three-dimensional image.

42. How We Perceive Shape, Form, and Space Point of View –The angle from which you see an object. –Can drastically change the appearance of the object. –What you see depends on your point of view.

43. Jules Moigniez. Eagle. Bronze. Height 31-1/2”.

49. William Kurelek. Manitoba Party. 1964. Oil on Masonite. 48”x60”. In this painting the viewer can see all the tabletops easily. All the serving dishes and the food in them are clearly visible. Can you tell what kind of a party this is? Why was this point of view a good one for this painting?

50. How Artists Create Shapes and Forms in Space Illusion of Form –Chiaroscuro (Bright/Dark) Introduced by Italian Artists during the Renaissance period. –Highlights Small white areas used to show the very brightest spots on an object. –Value changes gradually from the highlight to the very darkest spots.

51. Artemisia Gentileschi. Judith and Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes. c. 1625. Oil on canvas. 72- 1/2”x55-1/4”

52. Leonardo da Vinci. Ginevra de' Benci. Oil on Panel. C. 1474. 15 x 15”

53. The Illusion of Depth A painting should be like a window to the real world (Another Renaissance concept) The Picture Plane: –Foreground: Closest to the viewer –Background: Farthest from the viewer –Middle Ground: Area in between

54. The Illusion of Depth Perspective: A graphic system that creates the illusion of depth and volume on a two-dimensional surface.

55. Perspective Overlapping: When one object covers parts of a second object, the first seems to be closer to the viewer.

56. Perspective Size: Large objects appear to be closer than small objects

57. Perspective Placement: Objects placed low on the picture plane seem closer to the viewer than objects placed near eye level.

58. Perspective Detail: Objects with clear, sharp edges and visible details seem close to you.

59. Perspective Color: Brightly colored objects seem closer to you, and objects with dull, light colors seem farther away (atmospheric perspective)

60. Converging Lines Linear perspective –As parallel lines move away from you, they seem to move closer together toward the horizon line. –Vanishing point: The point on the horizon where two parallel lines appear to meet.

61. Perspective How many different perspective techniques can you identify in the painting below? Doris Lee. Thanksgivinig. 1935. Oil on canvas. 28 x 40”.

62. What Different Spaces, Shapes, and Forms Express One associates shapes, forms, and spaces with certain things and feelings in real life. Artists use this relationship to generate feelings in the viewer.

63. Free-Form Shapes Often used to symbolize living things. Smooth, curved outlines and surfaces are pleasing and soothing. They appeal to us through our memories of pleasant touching experiences. Angular shapes with zigzag outlines remind us of sharp, jagged things.

64. Geometric Shapes Suggest mechanical perfection Clean, crisp lines, contours, and surfaces remind us of mechanical perfection. Appeals to our sense of order

65. Density Refers to how compact an object is Dense materials are solid and heavy Seem unyielding— resist impact Associated with the feeling of protection

66. Density Soft, fluffy forms are less dense. They dent when you press on them. Appear more comfortable than denser forms.

67. Openness Open shapes or forms appear inviting. Closed shapes or forms say “keep away.”

68. Activity and Stability Active Shapes and Forms –Seem to defy gravity –Slant diagonally, as if running or falling Anna Hyatt Huntingon. I Want All the Reins in My Hand. 1912. Bronze. 18-1/2 x 24 x 21”.

69. Activity and Stability Static Shapes and Forms –Motionless, stable –Horizontal or vertical –Quiet, calm, peaceful