1. PARKING and Counter Terrorism Presented by: Paul Lew, P.E. Sr. Vice President April 7, 2010

2. Locations Irvine, CA Oakland, CA Kansas City, MO Los Angeles, CA New Haven, CT Hong Kong, PRC London, UK Moscow, Russia Shanghai, PRC Abu Dhabi, UAE Dubai, UAE San Francisco, CA Chicago, IL Dallas, TX Ft. Lauderdale, FL New York, NY Newark, NJ Philadelphia, PA Washington, DC

3. Parking Provides a Vehicle to Bring Large Explosives Close to an Asset Examples:  Murray Federal Building Oklahoma City  First World Trade Center Bombing

4. The Goal of Terrorism Is Not to Blow Up A Parking Lot or A Parking Structure  The goal is to Blow Up an adjacent asset. –Second level bullets Subtext here

5. Risk Assessment

6. Affect of a Car Bomb

7. Risk Assessment Affect of a Truck Bomb

8. Risk Assessment Vulnerability Matrix

9. Risk Assessment Source of Material :  FEMA 426 Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings  Available online Forces

10. FEMA Suggested Standards Perimeter Security

11. FEMA Suggested Standards Entry Security

12. FEMA Vulnerability Checklist 1.1 Does Curb lane parking allow uncontrolled vehicles to park unacceptably close to asset 1.2 Is there a perimeter fence or other barrier 1.3 Are there separate access points for passenger cars and delivery vehicles 1.4 Is Vehicle traffic Separate from Pedestrians 1.5 Is there Vehicle & Pedestrian Access Control

13. FEMA Vulnerability Checklist 1.6 Does Site Circulation prevent high speed approaches by vehicles 1.7 Are there offsetting vehicle entrances from the vehicle’s approaching 1.8 Are there minimum set back distances, i.e., “standoff distances” between parked cars and buildings ( 82 ft min.) 1.9 Do Stand alone above grade parking structures provide adequate visibility

14. FEMA Vulnerability Checklist 1.10 Do Vehicle entrances have suitable Anti-Ram devices 1.11 Do landscaping and street furniture provide hiding places 1.12 Is the site Lighting Adequate for Security 1.13 Do the signs provide control of vehicles and people

15. BLAST EFFECTS :  Understanding the Forces –Second level bullets Subtext here

16. Blast Pressures Effect on A Structure

17. Stand-Off Distance The Distance Between An Asset And a Threat

18. Blast Pressures Typical Time History Of Blast

19. Incident Overpressure Incident Overpressure as a function of Stand-off Distance And Explosive Weight

20. Explosive Environments

21. Blast Pressures Effect on a Structure Damage Approximation

22. COUNTER TERRORISM MEASURES  Site Mitigation Measures

23. Exclusive & None-Exclusive Zones

24. STAND-OFF DISTANCE AND BUILDING SEPARATION

26. Ant-Ram Devices

27. Parking Mitigation Techniques:  Locate Parking away from high risk buildings  Restrict Parking from Interior of group of buildings  Restrict Parking within Secured Perimeter from unauthorized personnel  Use One way circulation to better monitor  Locate Parking within view of Occupied Buildings Forces

28. Parking Mitigation Techniques: Campus Setting

29. Parking Mitigation Techniques :  Provide Emergency Communication Systems (e.g., intercom, telephones & alarms) at readily identifiable & well lit locations.  Use Close Circuit Television, where warranted, with direct contact with security personnel with adequate lighting capable of displaying and video taping activity. Forces

30. Parking Mitigation Techniques :  Employ express and non-parking ramps sending user to parking on flat areas  Avoid Dead End Parking  Keep Landscaping away from parking garages and to allow observation of Pedestrian Activity  Stairways should be open  Elevators should be glass backed Buildings  Pedestrian Paths should Concentrate Activity Forces

31. Structural Mitigation Techniques  Use Moment Resistance Frame Construction: Either reinforced concrete or structural steel.  Structure must be designed for load Reversal & Substantial Uplift.  Structural Connections must be ductile  Maximum Grid 30 ft x 30 ft.  Concrete reinforcing splices must be staggered. Forces

32. Structural Mitigation Techniques  Structural System must prevent Progressive Collapse including loss of one column.  Structural Columns should stand unbraced for multiple floors.  There should be redundant load paths.  All masonry should be grouted and reinforced.  Transfer Girders should not be in unsecured areas.  Provide multiple expansion joints so that damage will be limited to zone. Forces

33. CPTED Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design 1. Natural Access Controls 2. Natural Surveillance 3. Territorial Reinforcement 4. Target Hardening 5. Closed Circuit Television Camera

34. CPTED 1. Natural Access Controls:  Design Streets to clearly indicate public ways and direct away from restricted areas.  Discourage Access to private access through structure and limited access.  Loading areas should be separate from public parking.

35. CPTED 2. Natural Surveillance:  Design that maximizes visibility of people, parking areas and building entrances.  Shrubbery under 2 ft in height & branches of trees over 10 ft in height.  Pedestrian friendly sidewalks & streets to control pedestrian and traffic.  Adequate lighting particularly at entrances. 3. Territorial Reinforcement 4. Target hardening 5. Closed Circuit Television Camera

36. CPTED 3. Territorial Reinforcement:  Design that defines property lines.  Design that defines private/restricted spaces from public spaces using separation, landscape, pavement, barriers and CPTED (Anti-climb) fencing.  “Traffic Calming” devices for vehicle control. 3. Territorial Reinforcement 4. Target hardening 5. Closed Circuit Television Camera

37. CPTED 4. Target Hardening :  Prohibit Entry or access except where controlled.  Access Control: (building and employee/visitor parking) and intrusion detection devices.

38. CPTED 5. Closed Circuit Television :  Prevents Crime  Influences Positive Behavior  “Keep an Eye Out” for each other  Must be video taping  Communicates with Security Personnel

39. Source of Material  All illustrations :  FEMA 426 Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings  Available online Forces

40. Thank you I. Paul Lew, P.E.,R.A. Patricia Coleman, P.E. 51 Madison Avenue 12750 Merit Drive New York, NY 10010 Suite 750, LB-7 T 917.661.7800 Dallas, TX 75251 T 972.387.8393