1. HOW DOES THE LAND- BASED PORTION OF THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE WORK?

2. ATMOSPHERE OCEANSCONTINENTS 1,338,000 12.9 47,660 97%2.999% 0.001% 84% 16% 77% 23% -7% +7% Global Runoff 7%

3. ATMOSPHERE OCEANSCONTINENTS 1,338,000 12.9 47,660 97%2.999% 0.001% 84% 16% 77% 23% -7% +7% Global Runoff 7%

4. PrecipitationEvaporation Runoff

5. PrecipitationEvaporation Runoff

8. SURFACE TENSION Water Surface

9. SURFACE TENSION Water Surface

10. SURFACE TENSION Water Surface Weaker attraction Fewer surrounding molecules Stronger attraction Sphere is the shape which has the lowest ratio of surface area (weaker attraction) to volume (stronger attraction). Without other forces water forms spheres

12. Hydrogen bonding with containing material stronger than bonding between water molecules Hydrogen bonding with containing material weaker than bonding between water molecules

13. Water “beads” on surface Water “repelled” from surface Capillary Hydrophobic

14. LEAF

15. SOIL INTERCEPTION Tree Canopy Shrubs and Bushes Grasses

16. SOIL Time into rain storm Rain per unit time Rain reaching soil per unit time

17. SOIL Store 1 Input 1 Time into rain storm Rain per unit time Rain reaching soil per unit time

18. SOIL Store 1 Input 1 Time into rain storm Rain per unit time Rain reaching soil per unit time

19. SOIL Store 1 Input 1 Output 1 Input 2 Store 2 Time into rain storm Rain per unit time Rain reaching soil per unit time

20. SOIL Store 1 Input 1 Output 1 Input 2 Store 2 Time into rain storm Rain per unit time Rain reaching soil per unit time

21. SOIL Store 1 Input 1 Output 1 Input 2 Store 2 Time into rain storm Rain per unit time Rain reaching soil per unit time

22. SOIL Store 1 Input 1 Output 1 Input 2 Store 2 Out. 2 Store 3 Input 3 Time into rain storm Rain per unit time Rain reaching soil per unit time

23. SOIL Store 1 Input 1 Output 1 Input 2 Store 2 Output 2 Store 3 Input 3 Out 3 Time into rain storm Rain per unit time Rain reaching soil per unit time

24. SOIL INTERCEPTION UP TO 20% OF ANNUAL PRECIPITATION SOIL CASCADE OF STORES Store 1 Input 1 Output 1 Input 2 Store 2 Output 2 Store 3 Input 3 Out 3

25. SOIL INTERCEPTION UP TO 20% OF ANNUAL PRECIPITATION SOIL CASCADE OF STORES Store 1 Input 1 Output 1 Input 2 Store 2 Output 2 Store 3 Input 3 Out 3 DELAYS WATER REACHING SOIL

26. Precipitation Evaporation Runoff Latent Heat Flux

27. Precipitation Transpiration Runoff Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide Water Sunlight Photosynthesis

28. TRANSPIRATION Carbon Dioxide STOMATA Water Stomata open and shut to control diffusion of molecules in and out

29. Global Vegetation and Oceanic Chlorophyll

30. Precipitation Evapotranspiration Evaporation and Transpiration Runoff Latent Heat Flux

31. HUBBARD BROOK Experimental Forest, New Hampshire Source: G. Bonan, 2008. Ecological Climatology, Cambridge University Press

32. Simulation Using Hubbard Brook Characteristics Source: G. Bonan, 2008. Ecological Climatology, Cambridge University Press

33. Average = 1300mm Avg. Dev. = 125 Dev/Avg = 9.6% Average = 800mm Avg. Dev. = 100 Dev/Avg = 12.5% Average = 500mm Avg. Dev. = 25 Dev/Avg = 5%

34. Source: Bonan, 2008: Ecological Climatology 2012 Forest Fires 2013 Floods Front Ranges, Colorado 2012-13.