1. Global: 5/6/2016 I/O: Begin the profile of the Breakup of the Soviet Union Key Question: What long and short term factors lead to the breakup of the Soviet Union? Key Words: Cold War; SALT Treaty; Glasnost; Perestroika; Solidarity CCS: 2;5 Homework: Study for Quiz Tomorrow. Hmwk #2: 880 – 884 for Monday (China/Communism and Chairman Mao) PowerPoint is on line: Marking Period Three Follow directions on line!!!

2. Quiz Topics for Tomorrow: (5/6) How did the following contribute to the Breakup of the Soviet Union? Glasnost Perestroika The Soviet War with Afghanistan Solidarity Movement in Poland

3. Vladimir Lenin (b.1870-1924) Leader of Bolsheviks Founder of Soviet Union – 1922-1924 Begins to movement toward Totalitarian Control. Established the USSR

4. Josef Stalin: (b.1878-1953) 1925-1953 Initiated Five-Year plans & Collectivization Began Cold War 1945 Est. the Iron Curtain – post WWII Set up Satellite Nations/USSR

6. Nikita Khrushchev: (b.1894-1971) 1953-1964 Gives “secret Speech condemning Stalin’s tactics Built Berlin Wall Sputnik 1 & Space Race Cuban Missile Crisis: shows his “weakness” Out of office by 1964

7. Leonid Brezhnev: (b.1906-1982) 1964-1982 Détente: a period in Cold War between 1971-1979 where tensions eased U.S. & Soviets signed SALT on nuclear arms (1969 & 1979) – Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty – U.S. & Soviets agreed to decrease nuclear arsenals Established the Brezhnev Doctrine: Protect Communism against Capitalist nations.

8. Pres. Carter & Brezhnev sign SALT

9. Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan 1979 Soviet backed Afghan Gov ’ t was under siege from radical Islamic militants called the mujahedeen – Were Muslim fighters who wanted Soviet supported gov ’ t removed – Many Arabs from M.E. joined War in Afghanistan made the Soviet Military weaker!!!

10. Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan 1979 U.S. backed the Islamic mujahedeen – Provided arms, training, & $$$ – Many would join the Taliban later in 1990s (Osama Bin Laden) Soviets withdrew in 1989 – their “ Vietnam ” & dishonorable war! Since the big bad Soviet Army was defeated, soviet Satellites got braver...sought independence! Afghanistan was ruled by radical Islamicists led by Taliban

11. Soviet Troops & Mujahedeen fighters

12. Mikhail Gorbachev (b.1931 - ___) 1985-1991 He would be last Soviet dictator 1980s - Soviet economy was in peril (stagnation – no growth) Gorbachev promised to change culture of S. Union both politically & economically

13. Reforms under Gorbachev Perestroika (restructuring): Economic reforms Wanted to modify Soviet economy to be more free market, but still remain command Allowed for state owned businesses to determine production Foreign investment allowed Farms still collectivized Glasnost: “ Openness ” to speak freely Censorship relaxed & freer press allowed Gov ’ t could be criticized Dissidents released from prison People could now speak out without fear of prison!

14. Causes of the Fall of Soviet Union 1. Glasnost created freer society, but also allowed for greater criticism of Soviet policies & Gorbachev – Free elections allowed in E. Europe in 1989 2. U.S. Pres., Ronald Reagan began an arms race that helped bankrupt Soviets 3. Ethnic Nationalism in E. Europe - Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Ukraine wanted OUT of S.U. Weaker Soviet Army meant that independence for Soviet Satellites was a reality!

16. Poland & Cold War 1980s – Poland ’ s poor economy & high prices led to large labor strikes in Poland Polish workers formed the Solidarity Union & were led by Lech Walesa – Wanted Free elections & more democratic reforms

17. Solidarity Labor Strike Gdansk

18. Rise of Solidarity Solidarity gained millions of followers Cath. Church supported mov ’ t – Pope John Paul II supported mov ’ t Free elections allowed in 1989 & Solidarity took control of Gov ’ t Lech Walesa elected president (1990-1995) Poland was first E. European country to rid itself of communism

19. Democracy Movement in E. Europe Hungary voted out the communist party & opened border w/ Austria (West Europe) in 1989 Thousands of East Germans fled to Austria through Hungary ’ s border Mass protest erupted in E. German to open border, Soviets would not INTERVENE! Communist gov ’ t in E. Germany opened Berlin Wall for travel Nov. 9 th 1989 – this all but ended communists control over E. Germany East & West Germany reunified Oct. 1990 Soviet Union had lost total control over Satellites Russia withdrew from Soviet Union December 25, 1991 COLD WAR WAS OVER

22. Model for defining terms Term/ID provide … – Historical time period or exact date – Historical significance – Can you relate the term/ID to another term/ID? EX: Mao Zedong Mao was the leader of the Chinese Communist party that came to power in 1949 and est. the People ’ s Republic of China. He instituted Marxist policies such as the Great Leap Forward that ultimately failed to modernize China.

23. Set up your notes … Write you answer next to the number Ex – 1. Mao Zedong You can use your notes if you ’ d like

24. What is the term/ID 1. Iron Curtain Speech was written by..? 2. Gandhi protested this countries rule in India? 3. During this period in South Africa (1948-1994), this policy was established. 4. Major protest of Indian independence in 1930 5. Victims of Genocide during WWI by Ottomans 6. Big traditional social hierarchy still exists in India

25. What is the term/ID 7. Alliance formed by Soviets to resist threats from Western Europe & America 8. Chinese Communists major supporters in revolution? 9. Ataturk tried to _____ Turkey. 10. Policies that opened China to world trade & foreign investment 11. Country where minority whites ruled for most of 20 th century 12. The destruction of this symbol became synonymous with the end of the Cold War?

26. What is the term/ID 13. Middle East became important to global economy because of its reserves of this resource? 14. ____ stresses a return to orthodox religious traditions. This has occurred in many Islamic countries. 15. 1 st post apartheid president of SA? 16. Conflicts between Hindus & Muslims in India resulted in this in 1947? 17. One positive long term effect of British rule in India was the establishment of … 18. Pro-democracy movement that resulted in massacre of thousands of demonstration 1989. Where & Title?

27. What is the term/ID 19. Invasion of France in WWII that created 2 front war for Germany 20. What is similar about these people – Armenians, Cambodians, Jews 21. Munich Conference was an example of this failed policy 22. In 1917 revolution, Russia was the 1 st nation to …. 23. Stalin increased heavy industry under his … 24. Poor economic conditions in Italy & GR in the 1920s & 1930 ’ s led to rise of this type of gov ’ t?

28. What is the term/ID 25. This was est. after the destruction of WWII in 1945? 26. Who said “ Peace, Land, Bread. ” 27. Trial that held war criminals responsible for 1 st time. 28. Failed to contain Hitler & Mussolini from aggressive acts 29. Last event of WWII that ended war 30. Tsar during Russian Revolution who abdicated?

29. What is the term/ID 31. Economic & military aid to Western Europe, Turkey, & Greece during late 1940 ’ s & 50s to combat communism 32. Alliance formed by Western powers to combat Communism. 33. This city was blockaded by Soviets in 1948 34. This type of economy existed under Communist state 35. What year did the event happen in? – A. Russian Revolution – B. Treaty of Versailles – C. German Invasion of Poland – D. Hiroshima & Nagasaki attacked 36. This policy was associated with the Truman Doctrine