1. Ithaca Water By, Kristina LaPage Cayuga Lake, Ithaca NY

2. Abstract Water Quality Experiment Cascadilla Creek Water Purification is the process of removing contaminants, organisms, toxins… etc in various ways such as physical and chemical filtration. Our Data: Ammonia - 0.25ppm Nitrate - 0ppm Nitrite - 0ppm Temp. - 7 Degrees Celsius PH - 8.2ph Volumetric Flow Rate - 0.34 m3/sec. Zoe, Cascadilla creek, Ithaca NY

3. Volume Flow Rate Volumetric flow rate is the measure of how much water flows through a space per second. This is important to measure because the velocity of the water determines how the water source will be affected by pollutants. For example say there is a rain storm that causes run-off near by. A large, fast flowing river will be less affected by this pollution because it has more capacity to delude and rid of the waste that a small, slow flowing river does. Amy and Gabe, Cascadilla creek, Ithaca NY

4. Volume Flow Rate How it is calculated Volumetric flow rate formula  m2/1 X m/sec. =m3/sec. Area Volumetric Flow Rate Velocity Velocity is measured by timing the speed of a floating leaf over a certain distance. Diagram drawn by, Me

5. Water Purification and Treatment Cornell University Filtration Center Step 1: The water from 6 mile creek is pulled, by gravity instead of pumped, into the water filtration center. It reaches an underground filter the acts like an egg beater. This rids of the large organisms and rocks in the water. Step 2: The next stop is the Flocculation bases, Where the particles in the water are pulled together. Step 3: The water is then sent to the settling bases, where the now larger and heavier particles sink to the bottom of the tank. Step 4: The water on the surface of the settling Bases is removed and sent to chemical purification Tanks.

6. Water Purification and Treatment Step 5: Once in the Chemical Purification tanks, chlorine is added to the water. Chlorine is used because it is a less expensive way to sterilize water. Step 6: The water is now purified and the back wash and sludge left over is sent to lagoons that get their water evaporated and what is left is used for gardens.

7. How Flocculation Works + _ _ +

8. F= kq1q2/r^2 Formula for Force Example: Q1= +3.1X10^-6 Q2= -3.1X10^-6 r= 0.50m k= 8.99X10^9 F= (8.99X10^9)(3.1X10^-6)(3.1X10^-6)/ 0.50^2 F= 86.39X10^-3/0.50^2 F= 86.39X10^-3/0.25 F= 345.56X10^-3

9. Summary of Water Quality Temperature: This is important while testing water quality because different Microorganisms survive in different temperatures of water. PH: If the water becomes too acidic certain microorganisms will not survive. Also it can tell us what kinds of compounds are in the water. Dissolved oxygen levels: This is important because the amount of dissolved Oxygen in water affects the animals and plants that inhabit it. Conductivity: The measure of ions in a solution (dissolved stuff)… Total Hardness: The measure of minerals in a solution (non-dissolved)…

10. History of Water in Ithaca Why do we treat water? We treat water for many reasons but a main reason is health. In 1903 there was A typhoid fever outbreak in Ithaca. 10.25% of the population (13,156) were infected and 0.6% died, That is 82 people. This infection was caused by one infected man who decided to use his well as a bathroom. Due to unsanitary conditions and an incomplete sewer system a flood caused his well to over flow contaminating the water supply.