1. Prentice Hall Writing and Grammar Chapter 14
Nouns and Pronouns

2. Nouns
A noun is the name of a person, place, or thing. This also includes ideas, like courage, strength, happiness, etc.

3. Look at the nouns: The boy threw the ball over the fence.
Jerry saw the turtle race the rabbit.
We raced our bicycles in Canada.
He showed great stamina in finishing the race.
Her breathing was loud.

4. Recognizing Compound Nouns
A compound noun is one noun made by two or more words:
single word: crossbar, firefighter, thunderstorm.
hyphenated words: shot-put, right-hander, middle-distance.
separated words: dinner jacket, pole vault, ice cream, pen pal.

5. Look at the compound nouns:
The race’s endpoint was the Brooklyn Bridge.
My sister-in-law wrote a short story about jogging.
Each runner wore a headband.
The entire meet ran like clockwork.

6. Recognizing Common Nouns
A common noun names any one of a group of people, places, or things.
It is only capitalized if it is beginning a sentence.

7. Look at the common nouns:
The scientist is working hard.
My relative is staying for the month.
The dog is small.
Several kittens played with the toy.

8. Recognizing Proper Nouns
A proper noun names a specific person, place or thing.
It must be capitalized no matter where it is in a sentence.

9. Look at the proper nouns:
Madam Curie was an important scientist.
Aunt Carol will stay all of August.
Atlanta is a beautiful city.
Julie of the Wolves is a great book.

10. Pronouns A pronoun takes the place of a noun.
The noun that is replaced by a pronoun is called the antecedent. The antecedent is the name of a person, place, or thing.

11. Pronouns refer to the antecedent.
Look at the pronouns:
Really, Marie said she would watch the news program. (Marie is the antecedent of she.)
Maybe Florida is popular because it has a warm climate. (Florida is the antecedent of it.)
Our old newspapers cannot be recycled until they have been read. (Newspapers is the antecedent of they.)
Pronouns refer to the antecedent.

12. Recognizing Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns can refer to the person speaking or writing. These will be first person pronouns:
I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours.
Personal pronouns can refer to the person listening or reading. These will be second person pronouns: you, your, yours.
Personal pronouns can refer to the topic being discussed or written about. These will be third person pronouns: he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs.

13. Look at the first - person pronouns:
Maybe I favor the new layout of the newspaper.
Please give me the sports section.
Did you use my book today?
This is mine.
Perhaps we should see the next movie.
Please give us the candy.
This is our new car!
This car will be ours for quite a while!

14. Look at the second - person pronouns:
Really, you need to try the candy!
Are these yours?
Will you need your glasses?
All of you need to go to the auditorium.

15. Look at the third – person pronouns:
Should he buy it now or later?
I gave it to him.
Are these his books?
Maybe she should run for office!
Did she find her book?
Are these hers?
Please give it to me now.
The puppy misses its owner!
Really, they should clean up their area now!
I really like their boat!
How long has it been theirs?
I gave them our new address just yesterday.

16. Recognizing Demonstrative Pronouns
A demonstrative pronoun points out a person, place, or thing. This, that, these, those
A demonstrative pronoun may be in a different sentence than the person, place, or thing it refers to.

17. Look at the demonstrative pronouns:
Is this a new invention? (This points out invention.)
That is newsprint. (That points out newsprint.)
I brought some magazines. These are for you. (These points out magazines, even though the two words are in different sentences.)
Those are his cookies! (Those points out cookies.)
Important: A demonstrative pronoun doesn’t come directly in front of the noun or pronoun it refers to, unless the sentence is in question form.
Will this be your next book? (think to yourself: This will be your next book.) (This points out book.)