1. Solutions for Blood-Borne Pathogen Policies NU499 Capstone Amy Wright Kaplan University Joan Hailzlip, MSN, RN December 12, 2011

2. The Facilities Ames Community School District  Located in Central Iowa  1 High School  1 Middle School  5 Elementary Schools  1 Preschool More than 5,000 students

3. The Nurses Ames Community School District  5 Amazing Nurses  Minimum bachelor degree

4. The issue Policy and procedures related to blood-borne pathogens are outdated.  Last review was in 2004

5. Why it is of concern? Unique situations Many people in very close quarters.  Playgrounds, school bus, athletic events, classroom, unsafe behavioral issues and unprotected sexual activities.

6. Why it is an important priority? Risk of transmission  HIV 1:300  Hepatitis C 23% to 63%  Hepatitis B 2%

7. Solutions Keep the ultimate goal in sight  Protect the students.  Protection the staff.  Protection the families.  Protection the community.

8. Staff The policies should include:  OSHA Regulations that are legally required

9. Staff Participation from subordinates Minimum annual education Joint committee  2 professionals from each department and a management member  Quarterly meetings Random interviews Discussion of policies New issues Urgent meetings (if need arise)

10. Compliance Risk of non-compliance with policies  Staff  Nurses  Consultants  Students  Parents and Guardians  Visitors

11. Students Age considerations  Middle and high school aged sexual experimentation  Children and adolescents naïve perception of invincibility

12. Students Young children Infection control coordinator Simple curriculum Taught by educators

13. Students Sexuality-not an easy topic Nurses/non-nursing staff likely need help

14. Students Athletic events  Consider compliance issues Students and staff

15. Students Sexuality education for the staff from a specially trained physician or counselor. Sexuality expert available to give advice throughout the year. Training as a prerequisite to participation in athletics A system of observation and assessment

16. Family Protect staff and students-families will benefit  Cost  Psychological burden Education  How to handle events

17. Community Schools make a difference in the community  Contact with families, friends, extended families and acquaintances  Local public health officials  Community health providers

18. Conclusion Policies are important Planning and teamwork are needed Will minimize risk and create positive outcomes

19. Questions?

20. References Stop Stick Campaign (2011). Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/stopsticks/bloodborne.html Marguis, B. & Huston, C., (2009). Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and Application. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins. Occupational Safety and Health Standards. (2011). Retrieved from: http://osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10051 Mandle, E. (2010). Health promotion: Throughout the lifespan. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier. Formby, E., Hirst, J., Owen, J., Hayter, M., & Stapleton,H. (2010, November). Selling it as a holistic health provision and not just condoms…sexual health services in school settings: current models and their relationship with sex and relationships education policy and provision. Sex Education, 10(4), 423- 435. Lymer, U., Richt, B., & Isaksson, B. (2003). Health care workers’ strategies in situations that involve risk of blood exposure. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 12, 660-667. Associated Press. (2011). HIV patients will spend $600K for lifetime care. Retrieved from: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15655257/ns/health-aids/t/hiv-patients-will-spend-k-lifetime-care/ Formby, E., Hirst, J., Owen, J., Hayter, M., & Stapleton, H. (2010, November). Selling it as a holistic health provision and not just condoms…sexual health services in school settings: current models and their relationship with sex and relationships education policy and provision. Sex Education, 10(4), 423- 435. Kagen, I., Ovadia, K., & Kaneti, T., (2008). Perceived knowledge of blood-borne pathogens and avoidance of contact with infected patients. Journal of Nursing Scholorship. 41(1), 13-19. Morberg, S., Langerstorm, M., & Dell Ve, L. (2009). The perceived perceptions of head school nurses in developing school nursing roles within schools. Journal of Nursing Management. 17, 813-821. Brener, N., Wheeler, L., Wolfe, L., Vernon-Smiley,M., & Caldart-Olson, L. (2006). Health services: Results from the school health policies and programs study 2006. Journal of School of Health. 77(8), 464- 485.