1. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS

2. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS DESCRIPTION: LONG & SHORT-TERM DWELLING UNITS

3. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS COMMON LOAD CHARACTERISTICS:  OCCUPANCY: LIGHT OCCUPANCY CONCENTRATION WITH SEDENTARY OR LIGHT ACTIVITY, BUT OPERATIONAL 24 HOUR A DAY, SEVEN DAYS PER WEEK.  LIGHTING: LOW LIGHTING LEVELS.  EQUIPMENT: POTENTIALLY HIGH APPLIANCE LOADS IN KITCHENS.  EXTERNALLY LOAD DOMINATED  LOADS VARY: WIDE LOAD SWINGS & DIVERSITY IN & BETWEEN ROOMS.

4. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS VENTILATION:  EXHAUST REQUIREMENT IN KITCHENS DUE TO HIGH APPLIANCE LOAD AND ODOR GENERATION.  EXHAUST REQUIRED IN TOILET, WASHING AND BATHING FACILITIES DUE TO HIGH HUMIDITY AND ODOR PRODUCTION.

5. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS DETACHED SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENCES

6. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS DETACHED SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENCES  SINGLE-ZONE ALL-AIR SYSTEM, CENTRAL FORCED AIR (HEATING ONLY).

7. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS DETACHED SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENCES: SINGLE-ZONE ALL-AIR SYSTEM, CENTRAL FORCED AIR (HEATING & COOLING).  SINGLE-ZONE ALL-AIR SYSTEM, CENTRAL FORCED AIR (HEATING ONLY).

8. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS DETACHED SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENCES  SINGLE PIPE HYDRONIC WITH BASEBOARD NATURAL CONVECTION HEATING DEVICES OR LOW TEMPERATURE RADIANT SLAB (HEATING ONLY SYSTEM).

9. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS WINDOW AIR-CONDITIONERS (COOLING)  SINGLE PIPE HYDRONIC WITH BASEBOARD NATURAL CONVECTION HEATING DEVICES OR LOW TEMPERATURE RADIANT SLAB (HEATING ONLY SYSTEM).

10. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS ELECTRIC RESISTANCE RADIANT CEILING (HEATING ONLY).  SINGLE PIPE HYDRONIC WITH BASEBOARD NATURAL CONVECTION HEATING DEVICES OR LOW TEMPERATURE RADIANT SLAB (HEATING ONLY SYSTEM).

11. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS ELECTRIC RESISTANCE BASEBOARD UNITS (HEATING ONLY).

12. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS DETACHED SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENCES AIR-TO-AIR HEAT PUMP (HEATING & COOLING)

13. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS ATTACHED SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENCES

14. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS APARTMENT BUILDINGS

15. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS APARTMENT BUILDINGS CENTRAL WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS:  TWO-PIPE HYDRONIC SYSTEM WITH BASEBOARD NATURAL CONVECTION HEATING DEVICES & WINDOW AIR-CONDITIONS.

16. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS APARTMENT BUILDINGS CENTRAL WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS:  TWO-PIPE HYDRONIC SYSTEM WITH LOW TEMPERATURE RADIANT SLAB AND WINDOW AIR- CONDITIONERS.

17. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS APARTMENT BUILDINGS CENTRAL WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS: TWO-PIPE CHANGE OVER OR FOUR-PIPE SYSTEM WITH FANCOIL UNITS OR UNIT VENTILATORS.

18. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS APARTMENT BUILDINGS CENTRAL WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS: TWO-PIPE CHANGE OVER OR FOUR-PIPE SYSTEM WITH STACKED FANCOIL UNITS OR UNIT VENTILATORS.

19. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS APARTMENT BUILDINGS CENTRAL WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS: TWO-PIPE CHANGE OVER OR FOUR-PIPE SYSTEM WITH CEILING MOUNTED FANCOIL UNITS AND BASEBOARD NATURAL CONVECTION HEATING DEVICES AT THE PERIMETER.

20. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS APARTMENT BUILDINGS THROUGH-THE-WALL UNITARY SYSTEM

21. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS APARTMENT BUILDINGS ELECTRIC RESISTANCE RADIANT CEILING SYSTEM. WITH WINDOW AIR-CONDITIONERS

22. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS DORMITORIES SPECIFIC LOAD CHARACTERISTICS:  DORMITORY BUILDINGS FREQUENTLY HAVE LARGE COMMERCIAL DINING & KITCHEN FACILITIES, LAUNDERING FACILITIES & COMMON AREAS FOR INTERIOR RECREATION & BATHING.  WHEN DORMITORIES ARE SHUT DOWN DURING THE COLD WEATHER, THE HEATING SYSTEM MUST BE CAPABLE OF SUPPLYING SUFFICIENT HEAT TO PREVENT FREEZE UP.  IF THE DORMITORY CONTAINS ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES, EATING FACILITIES, ETC., THESE FACILITIES SHOULD BE DESIGNED AS A SEPARATE ZONE OR SYSTEM FOR OPTIMUM FLEXIBILITY & ECONOMY.

23. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS DORMITORIES CENTRAL WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

24. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS DORMITORIES THROUGH-THE-WALL UNITS

25. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS DORMITORIES: CLOSED LOOP HEAT PUMP

26. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS HOTELS & MOTELS

27. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS HOTELS & MOTELS SPECIFIC LOAD CHARACTERISTICS:  COMFORT: PEOPLE WHO STAY AT HOTELS TEND TO BE MORE DISCRIMINATING IN THEIR TASTES & DESIRES THAN THEY WOULD BE AT HOME. ROOMS MUST BE QUIET, EASILY ADJUSTABLE & DRAFT FREE.  WELL-DESIGNED INSTRUMENTATION, CONTROL & FLEXIBILITY OF SHUT-OFF IN ALL AREAS HAVE POTENTIAL FOR ENERGY SAVINGS.  A GOOD MAINTENANCE STAFF AND WELL-INSTRUCTED CLEANING STAFF CAN REGULATE OR SHUT ENERGY SERVICES IN UNOCCUPIED AREAS.

28. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS HOTELS & MOTELS CENTRAL WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WITH FANCOIL UNITS.

29. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS THROUGH-THE-WALL UNITARY SYSTEMS. CENTRAL WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WITH FANCOIL UNITS.

30. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS HOTELS & MOTELS VARIABLE-AIR-VOLUME SYSTEMS (SOMETIMES USED IN HOT- HUMID CLIMATES).

31. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS HOTELS & MOTELS

32. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS HOTELS & MOTELS

33. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS NURSING HOMES SPECIFIC LOAD CHARACTERISTICS:  HIGHER LOAD FACTOR: THE QUALITY OF PERMANENCE & SHORTAGE OF ACCOMMODATIONS FOR RESIDENCY RESULTS IN A HIGHER LOAD FACTOR THAN FOR APARTMENTS, DORMITORIES OR HOTELS.  GREATER STRINGENCY OF COMFORT & CONTROL FLEXIBILITY: DUE TO THE FRAIL CONDITION OF THE CLIENTELE, REQUIRING STABILITY OF TEMPERATURE; HIGH HUMIDITY TO AVOID RESPIRATORY ILLNESS, DEHYDRATION & STATIC ELECTRICITY PROBLEMS; AND GOOD QUALITY AIR SANITATION TO AVOID CONCENTRATIONS OR SPREAD OF ODORS, AIR POLLUTANTS AND BACTERIA.

34. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY  DESCRIPTION  COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  HOUSING  DORMITORIES  HOTELS & MOTELS  NURSING HOUSES EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS NURSING HOMES APPLICABLE SYSTEMS:  AIR-WATER SYSTEMS WITH INDUCTION UNITS.  VAV WITH TERMINAL REHEAT.  VAV WITH PERIMETER HEATING (HYDRONIC OR ELECTRIC).  INTERNAL-SOURCE HEAT RECOVERY.

35. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY EDUCATIONAL  LOADING & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS  ENERGY  APPLICABLE SYSTEMS ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES APPLICABLE SYSTEMS:  AIR-WATER SYSTEMS WITH INDUCTION UNITS.  VAV WITH TERMINAL REHEAT.  VAV WITH PERIMETER HEATING (HYDRONIC OR ELECTRIC).  INTERNAL-SOURCE HEAT RECOVERY.

36. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY EDUCATIONAL  LOADING & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS  ENERGY  APPLICABLE SYSTEMS ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES COMFORT IS A NECESSITY FOR EFFICIENT TEACHING:  EXCESSIVE VARIATION IN TEMPERATURE CAUSES MORE DISCOMFORT THAN MAINTENANCE OF SLIGHTLY HIGHER OR LOWER TEMPERATURES WITH REASONABLE VARIATIONS OF 4 OR 5 DEGREES.  SOME ODORS CAN BE TOLERATED, BUT WHEN THEY ARE DISAGREEABLE & DISTRACTING THEY INTERFERE WITH THE LEARNING PROCESS. ODOR CONTROL IS TYPICALLY PROVIDED THROUGH THE USE OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION.

37. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY EDUCATIONAL  LOADING & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS  ENERGY  APPLICABLE SYSTEMS ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES LOADING & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:  SYSTEMS FOR EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES SHOULD BE EVALUATED ON A LIFE CYCLE COST BASIS.  IN MOST CASES, THE COST OF AN EFFECTIVE HEATING & VENTILATION SYSTEM WILL APPROACH THE COST OF A COMPLETE AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM.

38. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY EDUCATIONAL  LOADING & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS  ENERGY  APPLICABLE SYSTEMS ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES FUNCTIONS HAVE VARYING OCCUPANCIES: CLASSROOMS: 50 PEOPLE PER 1000 SF OF FLOOR AREA. LABORATORIES: 30 PER 1000 SF. GYMNASIUMS: 70 PER 1000 SF. LIBRARIES: 20 PER 1000 SF. CAFETERIAS: 100 PER 1000 SF.

39. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY EDUCATIONAL  LOADING & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS  ENERGY  APPLICABLE SYSTEMS ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES FUNCTIONS HAVE VARYING VENTILATION RATES: CLASSROOMS: 10-15 CFM PER OCCUPANT. GYMNASIUMS: 20-30 CFM PER OCCUPANT. LIBRARIES: 10-12 CFM PER OCCUPANT. LOCKER ROOMS: 30-50 CFM PER OCCUPANT. CAFETERIAS: 15-20 CFM PER OCCUPANT.

40. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY EDUCATIONAL  LOADING & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS  ENERGY  APPLICABLE SYSTEMS ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS CLASSROOM LOAD PROFILE  WHEN AN INTERIOR ROOM IS OCCUPIED & THE LIGHTS ARE ON, SOME COOLING WILL USUALLY BE REQUIRED ALL YEAR.  EXTERIOR ROOMS FOLLOW MORE CLOSELY EXTERNAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.

41. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY EDUCATIONAL  LOADING & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS  ENERGY  APPLICABLE SYSTEMS ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES CLASSROOM LOAD PROFILE:  THE TIME OF OCCUPANCY OF CLASSROOMS IS VERY IRREGULAR (IT HAS BEEN A WIDESPREAD ASSUMPTION THAT SCHOOLS ARE FULLY OCCUPIED FROM 8:00 AM TO 3:30 PM & THEN ARE VACANT), SCHOOL CUSTODIANS, ADULT EDUCATION, & CIVIC ACTIVITIES MAKE THE TOTAL OCCUPANCY TIME FAR LONGER THAN THE NORMAL SCHOOL YEAR OF 1400 TO 1500 HOURS.

42. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY EDUCATIONAL  LOADING & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS  ENERGY  APPLICABLE SYSTEMS ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES CLASSROOM LOAD PROFILE:  IN MOST SCHOOLS (PARTICULARLY THOSE WITH INTERNAL CLASSROOMS) THE MAJOR HEATING LOAD OCCURS AT NIGHT.

43. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY EDUCATIONAL  LOADING & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS  ENERGY  APPLICABLE SYSTEMS ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS:  STRATIFICATION  ECONOMIZER CYCLE: IN VIEW OF THE HIGH INTERNAL LOADS, THE USE OF AN OUTDOOR-RETURN AIR ECONOMIZER CYCLE, WHICH PROVIDES THE ABILITY TO USE COOL OUTDOOR AIR FOR COOLING.  NIGHT SETBACK: THERMOSTAT SETTING.  WATER-TO-AIR HEAT PUMPS: CAN CONSERVE ENERGY IF THE SCHOOL HAS INTERIOR ROOMS. WITH WATER STORAGE TANKS, EXCESS HEAT GENERATED DURING THE DAY MAY BE USED AT NIGHT.

44. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY EDUCATIONAL  LOADING & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS  ENERGY  APPLICABLE SYSTEMS ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS:  TWO-PIPE HYDRONIC WITH CONVECTORS.  TWO-PIPE CHANGEOVER WITH UNIT VENTILATORS.  FOUR-PIPE WITH UNIT VENTILATORS.

45. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY EDUCATIONAL  LOADING & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS  ENERGY  APPLICABLE SYSTEMS ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS: VARIABLE AIR VOLUME OR MULTIZONE SYSTEMS. WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS:  TWO-PIPE HYDRONIC WITH CONVECTORS.  TWO-PIPE CHANGEOVER WITH UNIT VENTILATORS.  FOUR-PIPE WITH UNIT VENTILATORS.

46. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY EDUCATIONAL  LOADING & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS  ENERGY  APPLICABLE SYSTEMS ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS: MULTIZONE SYSTEMS.

47. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY EDUCATIONAL  LOADING & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS  ENERGY  APPLICABLE SYSTEMS ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES UNITARY ROOFTOP SYSTEMS

48. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY EDUCATIONAL  LOADING & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS  ENERGY  APPLICABLE SYSTEMS ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS UNITARY ROOFTOP SYSTEMS

49. H. V. A. C. APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION DOMICILARY EDUCATIONAL  LOADING & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS  ENERGY  APPLICABLE SYSTEMS ASSEMBLY MERCANTILE DINING OFFICE LIBRARIES & MUSEUMS CAMPUS ARRANGEMENTS USUALLY MOST BUILDING ON CAMPUSES ARE SUPPLIED FROM A CENTRAL PLANT FOR BOTH HEATING AND COOLING. THE SEPARATE BUILDINGS MAY BE INTERCONNECTED THROUGH UTILITIES TUNNELS WHERE HEATING MAINS CHILLED WATER MAINS & OTHER CENTRAL SERVICES ARE INSTALLED.