1. Major Achievements of Islam 8d

2. Please Interpret “During an exam, a person is either honored or disgraced.” Common Arabic Proverb found in the Public Library of Hulwan, Baghdad

3. Culture Damascus: Syrian capital; known for cloth and swords; center of learning, Oldest continuously occupied city in the world

4. Umayyad Mosque of Damascus (ca. 706-15)

5. Culture Baghdad: Abbasid capital; planned city; population close to 1 million House of Wisdom: model for modern universities

6. The Madrasa al-Mustansiriyya in Baghdad

7. Culture Cordoba: Al-Andalus capital in Spain; diverse mix of Christians, Jews and Muslims

8. Arches of the Mezquita

9. Architecture Dome of the Rock – Featured mosaics, arches, and domes taken from Greco-Roman culture – Abd al-Malik constructed in 691 CE

10. Art Mosaics—usually made in geometric patterns

11. Created calligraphy- fancy style of writing in Arabic – Due to the Islamic prohibition of creating images of living things

12. Culture Calligraphy: Art Form

13. Language Arabic alphabet Ancient Greek and Roman texts were preserved by translating them into Arabic at the House of Wisdom

14. Learning First to build true academies of learning – Took the idea from the Greeks – Al-Hakim- opened to everyone

15. Mathematics Arabic Numerals – Borrowed from India concept of zero – Made trading more convenient- came from India Algebra- Al Khwarizimi A book of Summary Concerning Calculating by Transposition and Reduction

16. Medicine Translation of Hippocrates and Aristotle led to interest in medicine – Developed treatments for smallpox, ways to reduce pain (by using oral and inhalant painkillers) during surgeries, created anatomical sketches, thought of the idea of air-borne disease – Ibn Sina- Quarantine – Al-Biruni- pharmacology – Al-Razi- Treatment of smallpox and measles – Hunayn ibn Ishaq- Opthalmology

17. Geography Made maps of the world and studied geography Cartography Al-Idrisi- greatest cartographer

18. Culture Literature: Poetry drew from Bedouin traditions The Thousand and One Arabian Nights Also poet: Omar Khayyam

19. Science Jabir Ibn Haiyan- Father of Chemistry Al-Sufi- little cloud/Andromeda galaxy- influenced European Astronomy Al-Zarqali-Astrolabe Observatories challenged theories of Ptolemy and Aristotle re: planetary orbits