1. Professor KI-JONG RHEE Teaching assistant MIN HO LEE

2. Mouse Anatomy  Diaphragm ( 횡격막 ) Thoracic cavity ( 흉강 ) Peritoneal cavity ( 복강 )  Thoracic cavity Thyroid ( 갑상선 ) Trachea ( 기관 ) Lungs Heart Thymus ( 흉선 ) Esophagus ( 식도 )  Peritoneal cavity Gastrointestinal tract ( 위장관 ) Liver Spleen ( 비장 ) Pancreas ( 췌장 ) Kidney Bladder ( 방광 ) Reproductive organs ( 생식기관 )

3. Human organs  Thyroid( 갑상선 ) Regulates rate of metabolism

4. Human organs  Heart Pumps blood

5. Human organs  Lung

6. Human organs  Liver

7. Human organs  Stomach ( 위 )

8. Human organs  Ovaries ( 난소 )  Fallopian tubes ( 수란관 )  Uterus ( 자궁 )

9. Human organs  Spleen ( 비장 )

10. Human organs  Kidney

11. Biopsy methods  Surgical biopsy (incision, excision)  Punch biopsy ( 펀치생검 )  Needle biopsy ( 침생검 )  Needle aspiration biopsy ( 천자흡인생검 )  Curettage ( 소파생검 )  Cone biopsy ( 원추생검 )

12. Surgical biopsy  Incision – part of the lesion  Excision - whole lesion  eg.) Skin, lymph node, breast, muscle

13. Punch biopsy  Tissues close to the surface of the body eg.) skin, cervix  Endoscopic biopsy eg.) gastrointestinal tract, bronchial tube, lung 절제겸자

14. Needle biopsy  Tissues deep inside the body eg.) liver, kidney

15. Needle aspiration biopsy  Draw sample fluid and tissues from a lump eg.) bone marrow, breast, lymph node, thyroid, lung, prostate

16. Curettage  Scrape tissues with curett eg.) endometrium

17. Cone biopsy  For cervical tissue biopsy

18. Fixation  Purpose Maintain structure of cell components Prevent decomposition Prevent autolysis Solidization Help dyes stain  Fixatives Properties of fixatives Ingredients of fixatives

19. Decalcification  Fixation-Washing-Defatting-Decalcification-Washing ( 고정 - 수세 - 탈지 - 탈회 )  Decalcification reagents Acid reagents ○ 5% nitric acid (fast) ○ 10% formic acid (most widely used) ○ Plank-Rychlo (formic acid+HCl) Chelating agents (less damage, enzyme, EM, slow) ○ 10% EDTA sol. ○ EDTA-Glycerol sol.

20. Decalcification  How to facilitate decalcification Agitation Heating Removing calcium in the solution  When do you finish decalcification X-ray identification Calcium oxalate test ○ Ca ion(decalcification sol.) + amm. Oxalate -> calcium oxalate(precipitation) ○ in the test tube Physically ○ Pushing, poking, cutting