1. Phonics and the links to Early Reading and Writing

2. Aims: To increase knowledge of phonicsTo increase knowledge of phonics Make links between phonics and early reading and writingMake links between phonics and early reading and writing

3. Reading has two components Word Recognition The ability to recognise words presented in and out of context. The ability to apply phonic rules - blending phonemes to decode. High quality phonics work – prime approach for beginners in learning to decode and encode. Comprehension The process by which word information, sentences and discourse are interpreted. The same processes underlie comprehension of both oral and written language. Continues to develop throughout life!

4. So we need to…. focus clearly on developing word recognition skills through –Phoneme awareness and phonics teaching –Repetition and teaching of ‘tricky’ words focus clearly on developing language comprehension through –Talking with children –Reading to children –Teaching comprehension strategies

5. Knowledge Phonics consist of Identifying sounds in spoken words (phonemes) Recognising the common spellings of each phoneme (grapheme) Blending phonemes into words for reading Segmenting words into phonemes for spelling

6. Saying the Sounds The pronunciation has to be precise No Schwa! Let’s Practise: /a/ /t/ /ch/ /s/ /e/ /b/ /p/ /r/ -at the beginning /at the end)

7. Blending for Reading back part chip train spelling look

8. Segmenting for spelling Say the word Split it into phonemes Write the graphemes into the boxes A Phoneme Frame

9. A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a word.A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a word. A Grapheme: Letter(s) representing a phoneme.A Grapheme: Letter(s) representing a phoneme. taiigh A Digraph: Two letters, which make one phoneme.A Digraph: Two letters, which make one phoneme. ai oa sh ai oa sh Some definitions

10. More definitions A consonant digraph contains 2 consonants:A consonant digraph contains 2 consonants: shckthll A vowel digraph contains at least one vowel:A vowel digraph contains at least one vowel: ai ee ar oy A split digraph contains a vowel digraph split by a consonant:A split digraph contains a vowel digraph split by a consonant: a-e i-e e-e o-e u-e a-e i-e e-e o-e u-e A cvc word is a word that contains a consonant, vowel and a consonant.A cvc word is a word that contains a consonant, vowel and a consonant. mud pin duck church mud pin duck church

11. Split Vowel Digraph vowel digraphs: 2 adjacent letters but only 1 sound Split digraph: vowel digraph separated by a consonant long a represented by /ae/ long a represented by /ae/ long e /ee/ long i /ie/ long o /oe/ long e /ee/ long i /ie/ long o /oe/ long u /ue/ long u /ue/ same vowel digraph in tie and timesame vowel digraph in tie and time time the i-e are split apart by a consonant so we call it a split digraphtime the i-e are split apart by a consonant so we call it a split digraph

12. tie = time toe = tone thee = these cue = cube ae = no letter combination in English but use is made of split digraph, e.g. cave rake made of split digraph, e.g. cave rake

13. A basic principle The same phoneme can be represented in more than one way: –burn –First –term –Heard –work

14. The same grapheme can sound different in different words anta tableai raftar manye washo aboveu

15. Phonemes and graphemes There are 44 phonemes in the English language.There are 44 phonemes in the English language. There are over 140 ways of writing the 44 phonemes using 26 letters.There are over 140 ways of writing the 44 phonemes using 26 letters. Having a good knowledge of these is key in developing children’s phonic acquisition as application for blending phonemes for reading and segmenting phonemes for writing.Having a good knowledge of these is key in developing children’s phonic acquisition as application for blending phonemes for reading and segmenting phonemes for writing.

16. Quality Phonic Teaching should: Give children the skills to discriminate soundsGive children the skills to discriminate sounds Use plenty ofUse plenty of oral blending and segmenting Use phonics as the prime approach for tackling unfamiliar wordsUse phonics as the prime approach for tackling unfamiliar words Engage children and be fully participatoryEngage children and be fully participatory Demonstrate correct enunciation of phonemesDemonstrate correct enunciation of phonemes Include both blending for reading and segmenting for writingInclude both blending for reading and segmenting for writing Introduce phonics in a rational progressionIntroduce phonics in a rational progression Be multi-sensory but tightly focused on the learning goalBe multi-sensory but tightly focused on the learning goal

17. How many phonemes? fin 3 f / i / n 3 f / i / nShop 3 sh / o / p 3 sh / o / pbridge 4 b / r / i / dge 4 b / r / i / dge catch 3 c / a / tch 3 c / a / tchdaughter 4 d / augh / t / er 4 d / augh / t / er

18. Let’s think of some playful/interesting ways of teaching phonics!!! Quick fire revision (tricky words or graphemes) Letters in a bag Writing big letters in the air/on your partner’s back Writing on your own whiteboard Making words with your friends (big and small) Finding objects that start with…….. Fred talk Words in the sand/real or made up