1. GOVERNMENT WRAP UP  1) Which form of government offered the most freedoms? Why?  2) Which group offered the most protection? Why?  3) What changes as you move through the various types of government?

2. Did You Know?!?  Tennis was originally played with bare hands  Koalas sleep around 18 hours a day  A blue whale can weigh as much as 30 elephants and as long as 3 large tour buses  A group of whales is called a pod and a group of rhinos is called a crash

3. Sparta and Athens

4. A Shift in Government  City states controlled primarily by monarchs between 1000 and 700 BCE.  Inherited power  Collected taxes, provided protection, etc  Monarchs fought each other for resources and land  lost power  Power then shifted to the nobility who owned land and had money  Known as an aristocracy.

5. Sparta  One of the strongest city states in Greece.  Located in Southern Greece.  Descended from the Dorians.  The city was landlocked (no access to water)  Forced to depend on a large slave population and agriculture for wealth.

6. Spartan Life  Created a powerful military state (600 and 371 BCE.)  Spartans had few individual liberties.  Led to a lack of arts  Focus was on Sparta alone  Men’s life centered around military training.  Boys left home at the age of seven to begin military training.  Women managed family estates while men served Sparta.  Unlike other Greek city-states, women were visible (but could not vote).

7. Spartan Government  Sparta formed an oligarchy  An aristocracy where wealthy artisans rule with land owners  Often the result of anger with nobility- small number emerge as most influential  Normally In military societies  Spartan government consisted of two groups: 1. Assembly:  All free adult males  Elected officials and voted on major issues 2. Council of Elders: (THIS MADE THEM AN OLIGARCHY)  Proposed laws that the assembly voted on  Included Ephors –  Five individuals carried out the laws and controlled education and served as judges  The most powerful people in Sparta  Two kings controlled the military.

8. Spartan Society RRigid social structure with several groups: CCitizens - those who descended from original inhabitants RRuling families who owned land. NNoncitizens - free individuals who worked in commerce and industry. HHelots - Unfree individuals who farmed the land for the state. SSlaves - household servants and those who worked for warriors

9. Athens  Located in eastern Greece, north of Sparta.  Had access to the Aegean Sea  Established wealth based on trade.  Developed a dominate navy to protect trade

10. Rule of Tyrants  Like Sparta, began as a aristocracy  Common clashes between aristocrats and common people — Peasants demanded a written code of laws. — Violence increased when iron weapons were made available  Unrest among peasants led to the rise of Tyrants- fall of aristocracy Leaders who supported the poor

11. Draco (a judge) wrote the first code of laws around 622 BCE Favored the upper classes. In 594, Solon wrote a code that did the following: — Allowed more citizens to participate and debate policies in the Athenian assembly. — Limited the power of the nobility. — Beginnings of Democracy

12.  General Pisistratus  Provided money to help peasants to buy farm equipment.  Taxed agriculture production.  Launched building program to employ the poor.

13.  Cleisthenes  508 BCE- established the first true democracy-  Took away power from the nobility in the assembly - more equality.  Allowed all citizens to submit laws for debate in the Athenian Assembly.  Created the Council of 500  administered the laws and performed the everyday business of government.  Established a jury system for court trials.

14.  Developed a limited democracy - rule by the people.  Citizens = free adult males  Only 1/5 of population considered citizens  Assemblies formed to represent people  Met in public debates to discuss issues  Included all citizens  Council of 500  Proposed laws and counseled assemblies  Selected from citizens at random Athenian Democracy

15. THURSDAY!!  Agenda  1) Test Discussion  2) Development of Democracy  3) Venn Diagram  4) Intro Persian Wars  What’s Due  Government  Venn Diagram  What’s Next  Persian Wars Movie  TEST- NOVEMBER 21 st

16. Athenian Society  Slaves constituted 1/3 of the population - worked in mines, farms, and as house servants.  Women managed the household (raised children, wove clothing, cooked, etc.).