1. Life in the Early Republic

2. The Age of Jefferson “faction” Washington the uniter Jefferson-Hamilton rivalry

3. Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) Lawyer Inventor Slaveowner/planter

4. Jefferson’s ideas Limited government Anti-urban Ideal of the yeoman farmer “Empire of liberty”

5. Alexander Hamilton (1757?-1804) Born in Caribbean Soldier Lawyer Economist 1 st Secretary of the Treasury

6. Hamilton’s ideas Urban industrial democracy National bank National debt Tariffs

7. Opposition to Hamilton Jeffersonians see subsidies and tariffs as gov’t favoritism The agrarian South opposes tariff

9. Conservatives aghast at French Revolution Fear anarchy

10. Political Parties Emerge Federalists are pro-British Democratic-Republicans are pro-French

11. The Adams Years (1797-1801) First truly contested election (1796) Federalist John Adams wins

12. The Adams Years Danger of war with Europe Federalists want war with France Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) suppress free speech

13. Can Freedom Survive Democracy? Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (1798-9) – Written secretly by Jefferson and Madison – They call A&S Acts “unconstitutional” – Jefferson wants states to “nullify” laws

14. Backlash Helps Jefferson get elected in 1800 1 st peaceful transfer of power Jefferson overturns unpopular Federalist policies

15. Issues of Jefferson’s Presidency Haitian Revolution – Not a fan

16. Issues of Jefferson’s Presidency Judicial review – Marbury vs. Madison (1803)

17. Issues of Jefferson’s Presidency Louisiana Purchase (1803) – Constitutional?

21. More products Greater variety Greater amount Beginning of mass production Decline of home production Growth of Trade

22. Growing wheat, corn Steel plow invented by Cyrus McCormick Credit Commercial Agriculture

24. Urbanization Greater interconnectedness (canals, railroads)

26. Westward migration – “Manifest Destiny” (1845)

27. – Most from Ireland, Germany – Most went to the North – Only Baltimore, New Orleans, and St. Louis got many immigrants Immigration

28. – Why? Peasants pushed off land Industrialization costs craft jobs Steamship, railroad make travel easier

29. The Marketplace New Atomistic Anonymous Disorder Anxiety for churches and families

30. Individualism Free labor – Your labor is your property – Sell it on the market “Self-made man” Possessive individualism

31. The Conundrum of Democracy – By 1840, 90% of white men could vote – But slavery also expands, ex: “cotton kingdom”

32. Problems with Expansion – Missouri fiasco splits North and South – Problem of dividing up Louisiana Purchase – Slave or free? – Already slaves there

33. The Missouri Compromise Maine admitted as free state Missouri as slave Slavery prohibited in all territory north of 36°30′ latitude

34. Enter “Old Hickory”

35. Andrew Jackson War hero 1828 victory revolutionizes politics – Well-organized political parties – Founding of Democratic Party – Patronage

37. Jackson’s Ideas – Limited government – Popular participation in govt for white men – Opportunity for whites, but definitely not Indians and blacks

38. Battles of the Jackson Era Southerners didn’t like tariff, threaten “nullification”

39. Indian Removal – Expansion of cotton – Push into Indian lands in the South – Cherokees & other “civilized tribes” screwed – Georgia expels them

40. The Trail of Tears – Supreme Court (1832): removal violates treaties with federal govt – Jackson defies – 18k Cherokees forced to move in 1838-9 – 1/4 die on the way to Oklahoma

42. Recap: What the Hell Happened? Democratization mostly benefits white men Economic growth, westward expansion on the backs of Indians and slaves