2. Lipids and Nucleic Acids

3. Lets start with a little review...

4. Now lets review a couple terms....

5. What do these words mean?

6. So What Is A Macromolecule? A very large molecule, such as a polymer or carbohydrate, consisting of many smaller structural units linked together.

7. Next Word…..

8. Polyester Polydactyl

10. What does “Mono” mean?

11. A Polymer Here are some analogies to better understand what polymers and monomers are…. EXAMPLE of POLYMER MONOMER A TRAIN? A NECKLACE? If the train is the whole polymer, what would be the small groups that make up the train? If the necklace is the polymer, what are the monomers that make up the necklace?

12. A Polymer Here are some analogies to better understand what polymers and monomers are…. EXAMPLE of POLYMER MONOMER A TRAINTHE CARS A NECKLACEEACH PEARL If the train is the whole polymer, what would be the small groups that make up the train? If the necklace is the polymer, what are the monomers that make up the necklace?

13. IN: Think of at least 2 other analogies for polymer and monomer.

16. I. Lipids: Structure A. Lipids are made up of… a. Monomer ( subunit): fatty acids b. Polymer (chain of subunits): lipids Specific examples: triglycerides, phospholipids

17. 1. They are a great source of STORED ENERGY so we have it in the future. 2. They INSULATE the body to maintain normal body temperature and they CUSHION the internal organs for protection. 3. They produce hormones for the body called STERIODS 4. They WATERPROOF surfaces of animals, plants, and fruits- these are waxes!

18. a. Fruits produce a waxy coating to keep from drying out. b. The cells in a tulip make a wax which helps coat the leaves. c. Ear wax traps dust, sand, and other foreign particles from going deeper into the ear and causing damage. d. Beeswax- a structural material to hold honey in the hive

19. A. There are many different types of steroids. They are all lipids. Their functions vary. Some common steroids are: a. SEX STEROIDS b. ANABOLIC STERIODS Like testosterone and estrogen They increase muscle

20. LIPIDS…Some interesting info Some anabolic steroids are illegal And can be dangerous and very unhealthy NATURAL STERIODS IN OUR BODY INCREASE MUSCLE GROWTH AND BONE DEVELOPMENT AND ARE GOOD. THE ILLEGAL ONES THAT ARE SYNTHETIC ARE BAD.

21. c. Cholesterol 1. good molecule in cell membranes 2. make hormones from it including sex hormones 3. but too much cholesterol in blood may lead to heart disease

22. A. In plants- in the seeds, oils B. In animals- in adipose tissue, connective tissue, (Triglyceride) C. Lipids make up the cell membrane of all cells (phospholipids)

23. LIPIDS

24. Saturated vs. unsaturated saturatedunsaturated

25. A. like carbohydrates, lipids are made up of… THINK: “CHO”

26. OH NO CHO! 1. A carbohydrate, has twice as many hydrogen atoms as the number of oxygen atoms. EX: C 6 H 12 O 6 (Remember when we built glucose) This is a carb= there are double the number of H compared to O 2. On the other hand, lipids have a lot more than twice the amount hydrogen atoms as the number of oxygen atoms. EX: C 27 H 46 O cholesterol

27. Lipids: Indicator Test Paper Bag Test: –Smear substance onto paper bag –If see-thru, it contains lipids

30. The 3rd type of macromolecule are the II. NUCLEIC ACIDS A. The types of Nucleic Acids(polymers) a. DNA b. RNA

31. “DNA” is short for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Now you know why they just call it DNA!

32. “RNA” is short for RiboNucleic Acid

33. What are they ? 1. The chemical link between generations 2. The source of genetic information in chromosomes

34. What are they made of ? A. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus B. Subunits (monomer) called nucleotides, connected in long chains C. Nucleotides have 3 parts: 1- 5-Carbon sugar 2- Nitrogen containing base 3- A phosphate group

35. What do they do ? a. DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce.

36. b. DNA ”blue prints” are carried by RNA and used to produce proteins.

37. c. Genetic information contained in chromosomes, is passed from parent to offspring

38. LEGO ACTIVITY

39. OUT: Think about the Lego activity. Explain how the atoms in glucose that are made during photosynthesis, are used to make the lipids and nucleic acids in our bodies.