1. Challenges of Nation Building in Africa and the Middle East Chapter 29

2. I. Uhuru: The Struggle for Independence in Africa  A. The Colonial Legacy  B. The Rise of Nationalism

3. II. The Era of Independence  A. The Destiny of Africa: Unity or diversity?  B. Dream and Reality: Political and Economic Conditions in Contemporary Africa  1. The Problems of Neocolonialism  2. Africa in the Cold War  3. The Population Bomblux

4. II. The Era of Independence  C. The Search for Solutions  1. Tanzania: An African Route to Socialism  2. Kenya: The Perils of Capitalism  3. Angola and Ethiopia: Experiments in Marxism  4. South Africa: An End to Apartheid  5. Nigeria: A Nation Divided  6. Tensions in the Desert  7. Central Africa: Cauldron of Conflict

5. II. The Era of Independence  D. Africa: A Continent in Flux

6. III. Continuity and Change in Modern African Societies  A. Education  B. Urban and Rural Life  C. African Women  1. Urban Women  2. Women in Rural Areas

7. III. Continuity and Change in Modern African Societies  D. African Culture  1. Literature  2. Music  E. What Is the Future of Africa?

8. IV. Crescent of Conflict  A. The Question of Palestine  B. Nasser and Pan ‑ Arabism  1. The United Arab Republic  C. The Arab ‑ Israeli Dispute  1. The Six-Day War  2. The Camp David Accords  3. The PLO and the Intifada

9. IV. Crescent of Conflict  D. Revolution in Iran  1. The Fall of the Shah  E. Crisis in the Persian Gulf  1. The Vision of Saddam Hussein  2. The Persian Gulf War  F. Conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq  G. Revolution in the Middle East

10. V. Society and Culture in the Contemporary Middle East  A. Varieties of Government: The Politics of Islam  B. The Economics of the Middle East: Oil and Sand  1. Economics and Islam  2. Agricultural Policies  3. Migratory Workers

11. V. Society and Culture in the Contemporary Middle East  C. The Islamic Revival  1. Modernist Islam  2. Return to Tradition  D. Women in the Middle East  E. Literature and Art  1. National Literatures  2. Art and Music