1. History 17C The American People, World War I to the Present

2. The Women’s Movement

3. Gay Rights Movement, late 1960s-early 1970s

4. Transvestites under arrest, New York, 1962 Conditions for gays and lesbians in 1950s and 1960s: severe social stigma, threat of job loss, laws against homosexual conduct

5. “Homophile” Groups Mattachine Society

6. “Homophile” Groups Daughters of Bilitis

7. “Homophile” Groups Mattachine Society members picketing White House, 1965

8. “Stonewall Riots,” New York City, 1969

9. Gay Liberation Front

10. Gay Activist Alliance

11. The Women’s Movement

12. Themes In the mid- to late 1960s, two distinct forms of feminism emerged: a mainstream version concerned mainly with women’s economic and professional advancement and participation in political life, and a more radical version concerned with challenging patriarchy as a whole and the subordination of women in every realm of life

13. Themes Although these two strands were sometimes mutually antagonistic, in the early 1970s mainstream feminism incorporated many elements of radical feminism, resulting in a profound transformation in American society, culture, and politics

14. American women in the 1950s

15. Five Wellsprings of 2nd-Wave Feminism Two Broad Social Transformations: 1. The post-1941 economy, which increasingly drew middle-class women into the workforce and into higher education 2. The revolution in contraception, which widened the separation between sex and reproduction

16. Five Wellsprings of 2nd-Wave Feminism Three Movement Traditions: 1. First-wave feminism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries 2. Working-class movements of the 1930s and 1940s 3. Social protest movements of the 1960s

17. Equal Rights Amendment (favored by National Woman’s Party) “Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by a State on account of sex.”

18. Women’s Employment, 1940-1970 YearPercentage of Women in Paid Employment 194025.4 195029.1 196034.8 197043.3

19. Women’s Employment, 1940-1970 YearPercentage of Paid Workers Who Were Women 194024.6 195027.8 196032.3 197038.0

20. Women in Higher Education

21. The cult of female domesticity

22. Betty Friedan 1963

23. 1961—Assistant Secretary of Labor Esther Peterson convinced John F. Kennedy to establish President’s Commission on the Status of Women Feminism within the mainstream

24. President’s Commission on the Status of Women, 1961-1963 Eleanor Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy

25. Equal Pay Act, 1963

26. Civil Rights Act of 1964

27. During debate over Civil Rights bill, Congressman Howard Smith of Virginia inserted amendment banning discrimination on basis of sex

29. Civil Rights Act created Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to investigate claims employment discrimination on account of race, religion, national origin, and sex

30. ... but EEOC often refused to investigate gender discrimination claims

31. Gender-segregated job listings

32. National Organization for Women (NOW) founded 1966 Betty Friedan

33. 1968—NOW got EEOC to ban gender-segregated employment ads

34. 1968—NOW got airlines to end policy of forcing female flight attendants to retire at age 32

35. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Feminism within “The Movement” Students for a Democratic Society

36. The birth control pill and the sexual revolution

37. Pressure on “Movement” women to be sexually available Antiwar poster

38. Casey Hayden Feminists in SNCC and SDS Mary King

39. SDS cartoon ridiculing women’s liberation, 1967

40. Sanitation workers’ strike, Memphis, TN, 1968 Assertions of manhood in ’60s protests

43. Youth International Party Abbie HoffmanJerry Rubin Misogyny on the left

44. White Panther Party John Sinclair Misogyny on the left

45. “Miss America” protest, 1968

46. “Consciousness-Raising” groups

47. Radicalesbians

49. Women of Color in the Movement

50. National Black Feminist Organization Faith Ringgold Margaret Sloan-Hunter

51. Gloria Steinem

52. Betty Friedan leading march for ERA, 1970 Reemergence of Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

53. 1972—Congress Passed ERA Ratification by states still necessary...

54. Phyllis Schlafly Antifeminist backlash

55. 1973—US Supreme Court Issued Roe v. Wade

56. Ruth Rosen: “The hidden injuries of sex” In 1970s, issues and grievances once seen as purely private and personal were increasingly subject to public discussion, activism, legislation, and policymaking

57. “Run for Your Life” The Beatles, 1965

58. Well, I’d rather see you dead, little girl, Than to be with another man You better keep your head, little girl, Or you won’t know where I am You better run for you life if you can, little girl, Hide your head in the sand, little girl, Catch you with another man That’s the end of little girl

59. “Run for Your Life” The Beatles, 1965 Well, you know that I’m an old wicked guy And I was born with a jealous mind And I can’t spend my whole life trying Just to make you toe the line You better run for you life if you can, little girl, Hide your head in the sand, little girl, Catch you with another man That’s the end of little girl

60. “Run for Your Life” The Beatles, 1965 Let this be a sermon I mean everything I said Baby, I’m determined That I’d rather see you dead You better run for you life if you can, little girl, Hide your head in the sand, little girl, Catch you with another man That’s the end of little girl

61. Kate Millett 1970

62. Susan Brownmiller 1975 Rape and other forms of sexual assault

64. Domestic violence

65. Sexual harassment

66. 1980—EEOC listed sexual harassment as actionable grievance in the workplace Sexual harassment