1. AMERICA BECOMES A WORLD POWER U.S. History II / I.B. Humanities II Mr. Seward, Instructor of History

2. IMPERIALISM AND EXPANSION

3. WHAT IS IMPERIALISM?  The practice of building an empire by founding colonies or conquering other nations.  Between 1870 and 1914, powerful Western nations built large colonial empires.  They took control of most of Africa and much of Southeast Asia.

5.  American Imperialism  http://www.glencoe.com/video_library/index_wi th_mods.php?PROGRAM=9780078745218&VID EO=2877&CHAPTER=14 http://www.glencoe.com/video_library/index_wi th_mods.php?PROGRAM=9780078745218&VID EO=2877&CHAPTER=14

6. CAUSES OF U.S. INTEREST IN OVERSEAS EXPANSION  Access to Resources  New markets  Refueling stations  Trade routes  Economic interest

7. EFFECTS OF U.S. INTEREST IN OVERSEAS EXPANSION  “Seward’s Folly”  (no…not your Mr. Seward…the “other Seward”)  Annexation of Hawaii  Open Door Policy with China

8. “SEWARD’S FOLLY” AND ALASKA  In 1867 the lure of land and resources encouraged Secretary of State William H. Seward to arrange the purchase of Alaska from Russia  At $7.2 million, the cost was less than two centers per acre.  People laughed at the purchase, calling it “Seward’s Folly” and the “Alaskan Icebox.”  Alaska added about 600,000 square miles to the United States and had valuable natural resources such as furs, minerals, and timber.  Gold and oil was found in Alaska in 1898.

9. WILLIAM SEWARD & ALEXANDER II OF RUSSIA

15. ANNEXATION OF HAWAII  The Hawaiian Islands had a tropical climate and fertile soil.  The Hawaiian people had first contact with Europeans in 1778 when British explorer Captain James Cook arrived.  Trading and whaling ships in the Pacific then began stopping in Hawaii for supplies.  Later, American missionaries opened businesses and raised crops such as sugarcane.  Some missionary families became rich sugar planters.

18. ANNEXATION OF HAWAII  By the 1840s most shops and shipyards in Hawaii were owned by Americans.  Sugar had become a leading export of the Hawaiian economy.  An 1875 treaty allowed Hawaiian sugar to be shipped duty- free to the United States.  In return, Hawaii agreed not to give territory or special privileges to any other country.

19. ANNEXATION OF HAWAII  Hawaiian sugar production boomed, and the power of the planters grew.  In 1887 they forced King Kalakaua (kah-lah-kah-ooh-ah) to sign a new constitution.  This constitution granted more political power to the Hawaiian parliament, which the planters controlled.  Many Hawaiians worried that foreigners were becoming too powerful.

20. ANNEXATION OF HAWAII  In 1893 Queen Liliuokalani (li-lee-uh-woh-kuh-lahn-ee) presented a new constitution that returned power to the monarchy.  In response, the planters revolted. John L. Stevens, U.S. minister to Hawaii, called 150 U.S. Marines ashore to support the revolt.  The rebellion succeeded without a shot being fired.

21. KING KALAKAUA & QUEEN LILIUOKALANI

22. ANNEXATION OF HAWAII  The Hawaiian planter-class formed a new government with lawyer Sanford B. Dole serving as president.  Acting without authority from the U.S. State Department, Stevens recognized the new government as the sole and legitimate government of Hawaii.  He declared Hawaii to be under U.S. control on February 1, 1883.  “The Hawaiian pear is now fully ripe and this is the golden hour for the United States to pluck it.” ~ John L. Stevens, U.S. Minister of Hawaii (1893)

23. ANNEXATION OF HAWAII  President Grover Cleveland, who had met Hawaii’s Queen Liliuokalani when she was a princess, disapproved of the revolt and refused to annex Hawaii.  Although Cleveland refused to annex Hawaii, he took little effective action to help restore the monarchy.  The islands remained an independent republic until July 7, 1989, when Congress annexed them.  Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1900 and the 50 th state in 1959.

24. PRESIDENT GROVER CLEVELAND  Grover Cleveland was the only President to leave the White House and return for a second term four years later.  22 nd President of the United States (1885-1889)  24 th President of the United States (1893-1897)  Cleveland was highly regarded for his advocacy for political reform, fiscal conservatism, honesty, integrity, and independence.  In June 1886 Cleveland married 21-year-old Frances Folsom; he was the only President married in the White House.

25.  Hawaii Becomes the 50 th State  http://www.history.com/topics/hawaii/videos#hawaii- becomes-50th-state http://www.history.com/topics/hawaii/videos#hawaii- becomes-50th-state

26. PRESIDENT & MRS. CLEVELAND

27. “LET’S MAKE A DEAL”

28.  Grover Cleveland’s First Term as President  http://www.history.com/videos/president-grover-cleveland-first- term#president-grover-cleveland-first-term http://www.history.com/videos/president-grover-cleveland-first- term#president-grover-cleveland-first-term  Grover Cleveland’s Second Term as President  http://www.history.com/videos/president-grover-cleveland-second- term#president-grover-cleveland-second-term http://www.history.com/videos/president-grover-cleveland-second- term#president-grover-cleveland-second-term

29. OPEN DOOR POLICY WITH CHINA  Economic interest drew the United States not only to Hawaii but also to China. The United States and many European nations engaged in profitable trade with China.  Spheres of Influences  Areas where foreign nations control trade and natural resources.  European nations, due to geography and their naval power, were far ahead of the United States in “taking advantage” of China.

30. OPEN DOOR POLICY WITH CHINA  Fearing that the United States would be closed out of Chinese markets, U.S. Secretary of State John Hay announced the Open Door Policy.  The main argument of the Open Door Policy was that all nations should have equal access to trade in China.  When the European powers neither accepted nor rejected the policy, Hay announced that it had been accepted.  Hay wanted to prevent any European colonization of China that would limit U.S. influence..

32. Questions? Comments? Observations? Criticisms?