1. Electricity production Generally (except for solar cells) a turbine is turned, which turns a generator, which produces electricity.

2. Fossil fuels

3. In electricity production they are burned, the heat is used to heat water to make steam, the moving steam turns a turbine etc.

4. Fossil fuels - Advantages Relatively cheap Can produce a lot of energy Variety of engines and devices use them directly and easily Easy to transport

5. Fossil fuels - Disadvantages Will run out (Non-renewable) Coal in particular produces acid rain Oil spillages etc. Contribute to the greenhouse effect by releasing greenhouse gases

6. Nuclear Fission

7. Heat Heat from nuclear fission is used to heat water, to make steam, which turns a turbine, which turns a generator, which makes electricity.

8. Nuclear power - Advantages High power output Large reserves of nuclear fuels No greenhouse gases No acid rain

9. Nuclear power - disadvantages Waste products dangerous and difficult to dispose of Major health hazard if there is an accident Produces material for Nuclear weapons Expensive to build and run

10. Solar Heaters Simply heat water

11. Solar Cells Produce electricity Technical name is a “Photovoltaic cell”

12. Solar power - advantages “Free” energy (once installed) Renewable No greenhouse gases No acid rain produced

13. Solar power - disadvantages Only works during the day Affected by cloudy weather Low power output Requires large areas Initial costs are high

14. Hydroelectric power

15. Water storage in lakes “High” water has GPE. As it falls this turns to KE, turns a turbine etc.

16. Hydroelectric - Advantages “Free” once built Renewable No greenhouse gases No acid rain Can be turned on rapidly, supplying a nationa grid with a rapid boost.

17. Hydroelectric - disadvantages Very dependent on location Drastic changes to environment (flooding) Initial costs very high

18. Tidal Tide trapped behind a tidal barrage. Water turns turbine etc.

19. Wind power

20. Wind power - advantages “Free” once built Renewable No greenhouse gases Ideal for remote locations No acid rain

21. Wind power - disadvantages Works only if there is wind! Low power output Unsightly (?) and noisy High maintainance costs

22. Wave power

23. OWC Oscillating water column

24. Wave power - Advantages “Free” once built Reasonable power Renewable No greenhouse gases No acid rain

25. Wave power - disadvantages Only in areas with large waves Waves are irregular Maintainance and installation costs high Transporting the power generated Must withstand storms/hurricanes

26. Geothermal energy

27. Wells are drilled into hot rocks beneath the earth’s surface Cold water is pumped down to the hot rocks Hot water/steam used to drive turbines, which turn generators, which produce electricity.

28. Advantages Renewable No greenhouse gases No acid rain “Free” energy once built

29. Disadvantages Expensive to build Not possible in all places

30. Weak Answers “Eco-friendly” “Green” “Sustainable” “Environmentally friendly” “Clean”

31. Nuclear fusion

32. In the centre of the sun, hydrogen is fused into helium. LARGE amounts of energy are produced.