1. Wireless LAN By Matt Kuehn

2. Roadmap History and development of Wireless LAN History and development of Wireless LAN Common 802.11x protocols Common 802.11x protocols Security Security

3. History and Development Norm Abramson created ALOHAnet in late 1960’s Norm Abramson created ALOHAnet in late 1960’s Launched in 1971 Launched in 1971 First wireless packet data network First wireless packet data network Funded by University of Hawaii Funded by University of Hawaii

4. Pure ALOHA If you have data to send, send the data If you have data to send, send the data If the message collides with another transmission, try resending "later" If the message collides with another transmission, try resending "later" On collision, sender waits random time before trying again On collision, sender waits random time before trying again

5. Protocol What is a wireless protocol? What is a wireless protocol? Standards for wireless communication Standards for wireless communication Most common is 2.4 GHz frequency Most common is 2.4 GHz frequency ‘Channels’ based on frequency ‘Channels’ based on frequency What is a protocol based on? What is a protocol based on? IEEE 802.11 released in 1997 IEEE 802.11 released in 1997 Either 1 or 2 Mbits/second Either 1 or 2 Mbits/second

6. Channels Most routers have 13 available channels Most routers have 13 available channels Each channel is 22MHz ‘wide’ Each channel is 22MHz ‘wide’ Every 5 channels share no common frequency Every 5 channels share no common frequency

7. Wi-Fi Alliance Wi-Fi Alliance A trade organization that promotes WLAN A trade organization that promotes WLAN Certifies products that conform to 802.11 standards Certifies products that conform to 802.11 standards Lack of a Wi-Fi logo does not imply incompatibility Lack of a Wi-Fi logo does not imply incompatibility Not in charge of new protocol standards Not in charge of new protocol standards

8. IEEE IEEE Professional association formed in 1963 Professional association formed in 1963 More than 400,00 members in more than 160 countries (more than half in the US) More than 400,00 members in more than 160 countries (more than half in the US) Not-for-Profit corporation Not-for-Profit corporation Produce 30% of literature in Computer Science field Produce 30% of literature in Computer Science field Develop new protocol standards for the 802.11 networking standard Develop new protocol standards for the 802.11 networking standard

9. 802.11b Standardized in 1999 Standardized in 1999 Bandwidth up to 11Mbit/sec Bandwidth up to 11Mbit/sec 2.4 GHz channel frequency 2.4 GHz channel frequency Unregulated frequency range Unregulated frequency range Signal Range Signal Range Indoor 100ft Indoor 100ft Outdoor 450ft Outdoor 450ft Lowest cost of all protocols Lowest cost of all protocols

10. 802.11g Standardized in 2003 Standardized in 2003 Attempted to combine.11a and.11b Attempted to combine.11a and.11b Up to 54 Mbits/sec (.11a) Up to 54 Mbits/sec (.11a) 2.4 GHz channel frequency (.11b) 2.4 GHz channel frequency (.11b) Signal range similar to.11b Signal range similar to.11b More expensive than.11b More expensive than.11b Backwards compatible with.11b Backwards compatible with.11b

11. 802.11n Standardized in 2009 Standardized in 2009 Improve.11g by increasing bandwidth Improve.11g by increasing bandwidth 100Mbits/sec 100Mbits/sec Use multiple wireless signals and antennae Use multiple wireless signals and antennae Can use 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequencies Can use 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequencies Increased indoor and outdoor range Increased indoor and outdoor range 230ft indoor 230ft indoor 800ft outdoor 800ft outdoor More expensive than.11g More expensive than.11g

12. WEP-Security Designed to give comparable wireless security to available wired security Designed to give comparable wireless security to available wired security Uses RC4 encryption Uses RC4 encryption 64 bit encryption key 64 bit encryption key Later extended to 128, 152, and 256 bit keys Later extended to 128, 152, and 256 bit keys Insecure!! Insecure!!

13. WPA-Security Wi-Fi Protected Access Wi-Fi Protected Access Operates in two modes Operates in two modes WPA-PSK WPA-PSK WPA-Personal WPA-Personal Strong security for 2003 Strong security for 2003 Adds on to WEP’s basic encryption Adds on to WEP’s basic encryption

14. WPA2-Security Provides stronger security than WPA Provides stronger security than WPA Uses CCMP encryption based on AES Uses CCMP encryption based on AES Much stronger than RC4 of WPA Much stronger than RC4 of WPA Two modes like WPA Two modes like WPA WPA2-Personal WPA2-Personal WPA2-Enterprise WPA2-Enterprise

15. Conclusion Wireless networking became mainstream in the late 90’s Wireless networking became mainstream in the late 90’s New protocols are standardized every few years New protocols are standardized every few years New security measures are developed to maintain up to date security New security measures are developed to maintain up to date security

16. Questions?

17. References http://www.historyofcomputercommunications.info/Book/4/4.10- ALOHANETNormAbramson-66-72.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11#802.11- 1997_.28802.11_legacy.29 http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/wireless80211/a/aa80211sta ndard.htm http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/wirelesssecurity/g/bldef_wep.htm http://kb.netgear.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/1105/~/whats- new-in-security%3A-wpa-%28wi-fi-protected-access%29 http://www.informationweek.com/learn-the-basics-of-wpa2-wi-fi- security/177105338 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE