1. PHYSICAL ELECTRONICS EEE2056 TRIMESTER 2, 2015/2016 TITLE: GRAPHENE AND ITS APPLICATIONS

2. WHAT IS GRAPHENE? Graphene is made of a single layer of carbon atoms that are bonded together in a repeating pattern of hexagons. Graphene is one million times thinner than paper; so thin that it is actually considered two dimensional. Graphene’s flat honeycomb pattern grants it many unusual characteristics, including the status of strongest material in the world.

3. THE STRUCTURE OF GRAPHENE Graphene is a crystalline allotrope of carbon with 2 dimensional properties. Each carbon has 4 bonds, 1 sigma with each of its 3 neighbor and 1 pi bond i.e. oriented out of the plane. Stability of Graphene is due to its densely packed carbon atoms and an Sp2 orbital hybridization a combination of s and p sigma bonds In graphene, carbon atoms are bonded to only three other atoms.

4. PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES Graphene is that it is a zero-overlap semimetal (with both hole and electrons as charge carriers) with high electrical conductivity. MECHANICAL STRENGHT Graphene is the most STRONGEST material ever found, with an extreme elasticity.

5. PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE CONTINUE… OPTICAL PROPERTIES Because to the amazing of qualities of graphene, it has been watched that once optical power achieves a certain threshold known as the saturation fluence saturable absorption happens. HEAT PROPERTIES Graphene has to a great degree high intrinsic thermal conductivity. Small expansion of the liquid-phase exfolaited graphene can increase thermal conductivity of composite materials

6. APPLICATION OF GRAPHENE Graphene quantum dot – light emitting diode Lithium Ion Battery Fuel cell and solar cell Cancer Therapy Ultra-Capacitor Transparent Conductive Films

7. IS GRAPHENE DANGEROUS? There has been reports about Graphene which classified it as a natural bio-compatible carbon component. However, On account of Graphene, Ken Donaldson is a respiratory toxicologist at the University of Edinburgh and he and his associates are among the first to raise the cautioning banner on Graphene. Usefulness: I have been waiting for some time now to write a headline along the lines of “scientist discover things that graphene is not amazing at” and here it is.it could also be bad for the environment and bad for you, too.