1. Role of British Raj ( Before World War 1)
Modern India
Role of British Raj
( Before World War 1)

2. Impact of British Raj Commercialization of Agriculture
Destruction of handicraft industry
Growth of Modern Industry and Rise of capitalist class
Trade and Commerce- Reversal of Trend

3. Agriculture

4. Commercialization of Agriculture
Previously surplus but now only for commercial purpose
Reason
Land Revenue in cash
Influence of middleman
Govt policies
End of manufacturing and thus unemployment
Availability of better infrastructure
American war of independence
Opening of Suez Canal

5. Commercialization of Agriculture
Some industries established
But were in British control
Created food scarcity
Any relevance to current environment ?
Moneylenders grew
Benefits
More land under agriculture
Export income grew
Income of farmers increased

6. Handicraft Industry

7. Recap Industries in Ancient Time Industries during the Medieval Period
Business by Srenis
Industries during the Medieval Period
Karkhana

8. Decline Started declining in Nineteenth century Reason
Policy of British EIC and Parliament – High export duties
Impact of Foreign Rule- Influence on rich/educated class in India
Competition with machine made goods
Policy of Laissez faire – no protection provided
No patronage provider as Rulers were not effective

9. Impact Problem of unemployment Impact on agriculture
Impact on Rural economy
Drain of wealth

10. Modern Industry and Capitalist Class

11. Recap
Agency Houses
Charter Acts and domination of british on import and export

12. After 1858
Cotton Mills, Jute Mills and mining industry set up in 1860s
Cotton in West, Jute in Bengal and Mining in Raniganj
Mainly owned by foreigners- Any commercial benefit?
Expense on the Indian mutiny and deficit budget
Cheap labour in India
Indian Railways also started

13. Opposition from British
Cotton got affected- import duties removed
Not much impact on Jute- Mostly held by Scots
Mining required for Indian Railways

14. Capitalist class
Before British, we had capitalist class as money lenders
Modern industry required high capital which only Britishers had
Capitalist class initially declined
But later on starting emerging. Main growth happened during and after world war 1

15. Trade and Commerce

16. Recap In ancient times sound principles
Only surplus to be traded
Import only scarce and useful items
India was workshop of the world
Favorable Balance of Trade
Europeans were so addicted that they found new route to trade with India.

17. the British Worry No work from India to be used
East India Company was forced to start promoting British goods
Also re-export of India goods are banned in Britain
East India Company had exclusive rights so could influence

18. Impact Around half of India export to Britain, 1/4th to China
Increased to 60% by 1840
Led to political dependency
Same story with Imports

19. Overall what's the opinion?
After 1858
Nation of Shopkeepers become Workshop of the world
Economic imperialism set in
No great challenge for Britain in Europe
Balance of Trade was still favourable
Overall what's the opinion?