1. Chapter 4

2. Undue stress can be caused by an animal’s environment, causing the animal to become more susceptible to diseases and parasites. Important factors affecting the health of an animal include: Temperature Light Moisture Movement Pollution Chapter 4 Introduction to Livestock and Companion Animals2

3. Disease is any disorder that keeps animals from carrying out life processes in normal ways. Symptoms are not the disease itself but a sign of a problem. A contagious disease is a disease spread by direct or indirect contact with other animals. A noncontagious disease is a disease that is not spread by casual contact. It is caused by a nutritional, physiological, or morphological problem or is genetics related. Chapter 4 Introduction to Livestock and Companion Animals3

4. A key to success with animals is keeping them healthy. Using good management will increase production and decrease losses due to poor health. Understanding of the animal’s body defenses leads to healthy management practices. Animal keepers should use good health management practices to maintain good animal health. These practices include: – Restricting Truck and Equipment Traffic – Restricting Human Access – Preconditioning – Immunization Chapter 4 Introduction to Livestock and Companion Animals4

5. Health is the condition of the body and a measure of how the functions of life are being performed. Signs of good health include good appetite, alert and content behavior, bright eyes, shiny coat, normal feces and urine, normal vital signs, and normal reproduction. Signs of ill health include lack of appetite; sunken eyes; discharge from the eyes, mouth, or nostrils; inactivity; rapid breathing or pulse rate; high temperature; full hair coat; lumps or protrusions on the body; open sores; seclusion; bloody urine or feces, and loss in production levels or weight. Diseases may be contagious or noncontagious. Maintaining good animal health is easy if the well-being of the animals is considered. Chapter 4 Introduction to Livestock and Companion Animals5