1. Durkheim’s Theory of Suicide Social solidarity High Low Suicide frequency Low High egoistic and anomic suicide altruistic suicide

2. How We Get Emotional external stimulus physiological response and initial emotion cultural script modified emotional response For example, Your pulse rate increases, You have learned that Still fearful, a grizzly bear etc.; you experience fear. lying still and playing you act according attacks. dead increases the to the cultural chance the grizzly bear script, which will lose interest in you. gives you hope.

3. The European View of the World in 1600 This engraving shows how most educated Europeans pictured the universe in Shakespeare’s time. Note the cloud at the top of the circle. The Hebrew name of God is inscribed on it. God’s hand extends from the cloud. It holds a chain, which is attached to a woman representing Nature. Nature also holds a chain in her hand. It is connected to “the ape of Nature,” representing humankind. The symbolism is clear: God and his intermediary, Nature, control human action. Note also that the engraving arranges everything in a linked hierarchy. The hierarchy includes the mineral, vegetable, and animal kingdoms, the elements, heavenly objects, angels, and so forth. Each level of the hierarchy corresponds to and controls some aspect of the level below it. For example, people believed Archangels regulate the movements of the planet Mercury and the movements of Mercury affect human commerce. Similarly, in the medieval view, God ordained a hierarchy of people. The richest people were seen as the closest to God and therefore deserving great privilege. Supposedly, kings and queens ruled because God wanted them to.