1. Hypo and Hypersecretion
Endocrine Disorders
Hypo and Hypersecretion

2. Endocrine Disorders
Hypo secretion and Hypersecretion of hormones result in several well describe disorders.

3. Dwarfism
Pituitary dwarfism is a result of a hypo secretion of growth hormone.
Long bone growth is slowed, body proportions are normal

4. Dwarfism
Pituitary dwarfism is a result of a hypo secretion of growth hormone.
Long bone growth is slowed, body proportions are normal
Treatment with growth hormone may restore normal growth

5. Dwarfism
There are over 300 distinct medical conditions that can result in dwarfism A person may be classified as a dwarf if their adult height is less than 4 feet 10 inches.

6. Gigantism
Pituitary gigantism is a result of a hypersecretion of growth hormone in children. People can reach a height of 8 feet. This is usually the result of a pituitary tumor.

7. Gigantism
Pituitary gigantism is a result of a hypersecretion of growth hormone in children. People can reach a height of 8 feet. This is usually the result of a pituitary tumor.

8. Acromegaly
Acromegaly is a result of growth hormone hypersecretion after the epiphyseal plates have closed.
Over growth of the hands
Feet
Face

9. Growth Hormone Abuse
Growth hormone has become a source of abuse by athletes because of its anabolic characteristics.
Stimulates muscle development
Muscle strength is not proportionate
Cancer and diabetes may occur

10. Hypothyroidism

11. Cretinism
Cretinism is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones

12. Cretinism
Cretinism is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones Causes may be genetic or due to a lack of iodine in the diet

13. Cretinism

14. Myxedema
Myxedema is a condition of severe hypothyroidism seen in adults.
Changes include:
Thickening of the skin
Puffy eyes
Lethargy
Mental slowness

15. Myxedema

16. Goiter
The conditions of cretinism and myxedema may be caused by a deficiency of iodine in the diet. In this, the thyroid gland enlarges and protrudes from the neck. Iodine supplements can reverse the above conditions.

17. Goiter

18. Grave’s Disease Grave’s disease is caused by hyperthyroidism.
This is a autoimmune disease where the antibodies mimic TSH, stimulating TH release.
Symptoms include:
Elevated metabolic rate
Sweating
Rapid heart rate
Weight loss
Exophthalmos (protrusion of the eye balls)

19. Grave’s Disease

20. Cushing’s Disease
Cushing’s Disease is caused by an excess of ACTH being secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Cushing’s syndrome which is cased by a over secretion of glucocorticoids by medications.

21. Cushing’s Disease Symptoms include: Loss of muscle and bone protein
Water and salt retention
Moon face due to swelling
A “Buffalo Hump” on the back of the neck

22. Cushing’s Disease

23. Addison’s Disease
Addison’s disease is also known as adrenal insufficiency. The adrenal cortex is hypoactive.
Symptoms include:
Weight loss
Dehydration
Low bold pressure
Hyperpigmentation of the skin

24. Addison’s Disease

25. Diabete mellitus Diabetes can exist in two forms.
Type I or Juvenile Diabetes
Type II or adult onset diabetes

26. Diabetes mellitus
Type I or Juvenile Diabetes is an autoimmune disease and patients are insulin dependent.
Its onset is usually in child hood.
Type II is called adult onset diabetes. Patients typically can control symptoms by diet and weight loss.

27. Diabetes mellitus Symptoms of diabetes include: Polyuria Polydipsia
Polyphagia