1. Starter: Next Slide 4/5/2016 225 226 4/5/2016 Application/ Activity Connection/ Exit : Symbiotic relationships Practice: Symbiosis: Parasitism: Mutualism: Commensalism: The energy level of the sun is made available to the top-level consumers in the energy pyramid through the activities of organism at the level- a.W b.X c.Y d.Z EQ: EQ: What is the relationship between living things and their environments?

2. Starter

3. April 5, 2016 AGENDA Objective 811. A Describe producer/consumer, predator/prey, and parasite/host relationships as they occur in food webs within marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems by completing an activity.. 1.Starter 2.Notes 3. Activity 4. Exit

4. Table of Contents DateLecture/ Activity/ Lab Page 3/22 Newton’s third Law Lab 213-214 3/23 Newton’s third Law Lab #2 215-216 3/24 Newton’s Laws Review Lab 217-218 3/31 The Lorax 219-220 4/1 Environmental Changes 221-222 4/4 Peppered Moth Lab 223-224 4/5 Symbiotic Relationships 225-226

5. Symbiotic Relationships

6. SYMBIOSIS means "living together“ It is the close association between two or more species. The species can be either helped or harmed by this relationship.

7. Types of Symbiosis parasitism: the parasite benefits at the expense of the host (+, -) Example: TThis skin fluke causes tissue damage on the koi it attaches to.

8. Types of Symbiosis mutualism: both organisms benefit from the association Example: (+, +) The Clown fish and sea anemone both benefit from living together The Clown fish and sea anemone both benefit from living together

9. Types of Symbiosis commensalism: one organism is benefited and the other is unharmed (+, 0) TThe remora benefits from its’ association with the shark.

10. Cowbird/ Bison Insects are stirred up by the bison walking through the grass, which makes them easier for the cowbirds to find and eat. The bison are neither harmed nor benefited.

11. Cuckoo/ Warbler A cuckoo may lay its eggs in a warbler’s nest. The cuckoo’s young will displace the warbler’s young and will be raised by the warbler. The warbler’s species numbers are lowered.

12. Morel Mushroom/ Elm Tree The morel fungal threads help the tree roots absorb water and minerals. The fungus uses the sugars and starches made by the trees when the tree dies; the fungus produces mushrooms to spread its spores around.

13. Monarch Butterfly/ Milkweed The monarchs drink nectar from and lay their eggs on the milkweed. The hatched larvae eat the milkweed leaves and acquire the poisonous chemicals. Predators are less likely to eat monarch larvae and adults. The adult monarch pollinates milkweed.

14. Skunk/Opossum/ Woodchuck Skunk and opossum sometimes live in burrows dug by woodchucks. They gain a home, the woodchucks aren’t helped or harmed.

15. Mosquito/Human Mosquitoes bite and suck blood from humans. They get nutrition for laying eggs from the blood. Humans get no benefit, and a nasty, itchy spot as well.

16. Wild Grape/ Ash Tree The grape vine grows up the tree trunk, getting more sunlight and space. The tree is neither harmed nor helped

17. The insect lays its eggs in the tree leaves or branches, causing a lump to form. The insect larva gets shelter and food. The tree is not harmed or helped. Oak Tree/ Gall Insect

18. West Nile Virus/Crows The virus infects the crows, weakening or killing them. The crows aren’t helped.

19. Clownfish/ Anemone Clownfish live among the venomous tentacles of a sea anemone. They are protected from predators, and they keep the anemone clean.

20. Barnacles/ Crab Barnacles attach themselves to the shells of crabs. The barnacles receive a home. The crabs are unaffected.

21. Bee/ Flower Bees use flower nectar for food and they carry pollen to other flowers allowing the flower to reproduce.

22. Dutch Elm/ Fungus A fungus that grows and feeds on elm trees causes Dutch elm disease. The fungus destroys the trees.

23. Orchids/ Trees Orchids grow in tree branches. They receive light and their roots get water from the air. The tree is not affected.

24. Small mites live on your skin eating dead skin cells. You don’t even notice. Mites/ Human

25. Lichens Lichens are composed of a fungus and an alga. The alga makes food through photosynthesis. The fungus absorbs water and minerals from the environment. Both the fungus and the alga use the food and water.

26. Tapeworms/ Cats Tapeworms live in the intestines of cats and absorb nutrients from the food the cats eat. The cats do not get enough nutrients.

27. Wrasse Fish/ Black Sea Bass Wrasse fish feed on the parasites found on the black sea bass’s body.

28. Oxpecker/ Rhinoceros Oxpeckers feed on the ticks found on rhinoceros.

29. Ostrich/ Gazelle Ostriches and gazelles feed next to each other. They both watch for predators and alert each other to danger. Since the visual abilities of the two species are different, they each can identify threats the other animal would not as readily see.

30. Starter: Next Slide 4/5/2016 225 226 4/5/2016 Application/ Activity Connection/ Exit : Symbiotic relationships Practice: Symbiosis: Parasitism: Mutualism: Commensalism: The energy level of the sun is made available to the top-level consumers in the energy pyramid through the activities of organism at the level- a.W b.X c.Y d.Z EQ: EQ: What is the relationship between living things and their environments?