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The American Revolution STAAR REVIEW Session 2
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French and Indian War Great Britain defeated the French France lost all of their land in North America (treaty of Paris, 1763) Britain now controlled all land east of the Mississippi river War was expensive – British government passed on the cost to the colonies
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Proclamation of 1763 Colonists were forbidden to move west of the Appalachian mountains Created to prevent further attacks from native Americans Many colonists had planned to move there & some had already purchased land
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No taxation without representation The colonies did not have representatives in the English parliament Felt that the taxes being levied were unjust because they did not have representation The colonists felt that only their own colonial assemblies/governments could tax them
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Writs of Assistance Smuggling was a huge problem for Britain This law allowed custom officers to search for smuggled good with a warrant.
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Sugar Act 1764 Created to stop smuggling Actually lowered the sugar tax No longer had to go to court to seize goods that were smuggled into the colonies
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Stamp Act -1765 British ordered that every newspaper, pamphlet, and other public or legal documents had to be printed or written on paper with an official stamp on it They had to pay the British official to “stamp” their item
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Protests Start Sons of Liberty formed by Sam Adams in Boston People boycotted Tax collectors were tarred and feather or attacked Effigies were made of the king and tax collectors Stamp Act Congress – asked for a repeal of the law and state that only colonial assemblies had the right to tax the colonists Stamp Act repealed but replaced by the Townshend Acts which imposed a special tax on things used in the colonies like glass and lead.
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Boston Massacre March 5, 1770 Fight broke out between the towns people and soldiers. Crispus Attucks plus other colonists were killed Soldiers defended by John Adams Used as propaganda through Paul Revere engraving Committees of Correspondence started in 1772 to continue to spread Anti-British sentiment.
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Tea Act and the Boston Tea Party All taxes canceled except one on Tea – gave one company an advantage over the others December 1773 - groups of colonists dressed like Native Americans went aboard a ship carrying tea and dumped the cargo overboard To punish the citizens of Boston, the Coercive Acts (The Intolerable Acts) were passed Trade was severely limited in Boston Freedom was restricted Held in place until tea paid for Declaratory Act passed that said the King had the right to make all laws for the colonies
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Road to Independence First Continental Congress – 1774 decided to keep protesting Olive Branch Petition Lexington and Concord – “Shot heard round the World” – minutemen fought against British Thomas Paine’s Common Sense Second Continental Congress – met in Philadelphia to decide what to do Made George Washington commander of the Continental Army July 4, 1776 – Declaration of Independence (Thomas Jefferson) stated colonial grievances against the King and used to the ideas of John Locke about unalienable writes
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Important events of the American Revolution Lexington and Concord Battle of Trenton Winter at Valley Forge Battle of Saratoga John Paul Jones battles at sea Yorktown – 1781 Treaty of Paris, 1783
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Why did the Americans win? Fighting for homeland Methods of Warfare – guerilla warfare Local Support Leadership from Washington French Alliance
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Important People George Washington - commander of the Continental Army Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and John Adams – delegates at Constitutional Convention King George III – king of England during the war Patrick Henry – Give me Liberty or give me Death Thomas Paine – wrote Common Sense and the Crisis Lafayette- French nobleman who became Washington’s trusted aide Abigail Adams – asked her husband to remember the ladies in this new government
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Independence – now what? 2 nd Continental Congress created a government called the Article of Confederation After the war, the plan was to start using this government It did not last long….
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