1. - Herve Grabas - Ecole Superieure d’Electicite 1 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009

2. Contents Project description Detectors in High Energy Physics Signal processing for Pico-second time resolution Detector to Chip integration Chip structure and characteristics Operation of the chip Storage cells Design 2 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 2

3. Acknowledgements 3 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 3

4. Contents 4 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 4

5. Project description At the present time: PMT High gain High bandwidth Low noise In the future: MCP-PMT’s All of the above Smaller path-lengths Possible tailoring Readout electronics: integrated analog memory and ADC 5 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 5

6. Contents 6 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 6

7. Detectors HEP detectors structure 7 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 7

8. Particle measurements Mass m Velocity  Momentum p 8 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 8 p =  m  The goal of a HEP detector is to measure one of these three characteristics

9. Calorimeter The goal of a calorimeter is to measure the particle's energy loss in a dense medium 9 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 9  Calorimeters gives the particle’s energy but requires a lot of radial space

10. Cerenkov angle measurement Cerenkov formula: cos  n  10 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 10  Cerenkov light detectors give the velocity of the particle and also require a lot of radial space

11. Time-of-flight measurement Reconstruction of the particle trajectory Determination of the time of flight of the particle 11 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 11  Time-of-flight detectors can be very thin

12. Photomultiplier tubes Photo-electric effect Secondary emission effect 12 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 12  Big electron path-length ~10cm

13. MCP detector principle 13 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 13 Input window Photo-cathode Micro-channel plate Anode plate <1cm

14. Photo-electric effect 14 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 14 Photocathode Secondary electrons Advanced structures

15. Micro-channel plates 15 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 15 40microns glass MCP - Incom

16. Amplification principle Secondary emission Very small path-length High gain: 10 5 High space resolution: pore size Best to date: 2  m 16 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 16

17. Anode plate 17 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 17 Delay line readout: position resolution <100  m AND time to pico-second range

18. 18 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 18

19. Contents 19 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 19

20. Single threshold 20 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 20

21. Multiple threshold 21 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 21

22. Constant fraction discriminator 22 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 22

23. Waveform sampling and digital signal processing 23 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 23

24. Simulation Results 24 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 24

25. Contents 25 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 25

26. Anode plate 26 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 26

27. 27 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 27

28. Contents 28 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 28

29. 29 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 29 Chip general sketch

30. 30 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 30 Timing generator

31. 31 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 31 Sampling cells

32. 32 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 32 ADC’s

33. 33 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 33 Token controlled readout register

34. 34 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 34 Spec:

35. Contents 35 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 35

36. Operating of the chip Writing Cell writing Trigger event Reading 36 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 36

37. Contents 37 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 37

38. 38 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 38 Storage cell principle V in wr C in V out rd V in wr C in V out rd V in wr C in V out rd Write stateIntermediate stateRead state

39. Storage cell issues Input bandwidth Leakages Charge injection 39 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 39

40. 40 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 40 Write state bandwidth V in wr C in V in C in R on

41. 41 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 41 Leakages in the cell V stored C in R off Switch leakages Capacitor leakages

42. 42 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 42 Charge injection V in wr C in V in +  Q/C in

43. 43 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 43 Input switch

44. 44 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 44 Input resistance With Matlab Comparison of Matlab and Spice

45. 45 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 45 Small signal model Cutting frequency:

46. 46 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 46 Simulations:

47. 47 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 47 Non-linear storage cell

48. Large signal analysis The output is not linear Subthreshold voltage are not stored 48 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 48

49. 49 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 49 Saturation V in (sat) value function of R L

50. 50 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 50 Output with and without saturation

51. 51 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 51 Linearity fit

52. 52 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 52 Small signal analysis

53. 53 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 53 Bandwidth

54. 54 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 54 Cell issues

55. 55 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 55 Read and write sequencing WriteIntermediate stateRead

56. 56 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 56 Read and write state

57. Cell issues Leakages: due to the switch Charge injection 57 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 57

58. 58 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 58 Linear storage cell

59. 59 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 59 Cell with real current source

60. 60 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 60 DC characteristic Input (blue) Output(black)

61. 61 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 61 Linear fit

62. 62 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 62 Small signal analysis

63. 63 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 63 Input and output bandwidth

64. 64 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 64 Transient signals

65. Contents 65 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 65

66. 66 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 66 Cell design

67. 67 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 67 Layout IBM 130nm CMRF-8-SF

68. 68 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 68 Storage cell assembly IBM 130nm CMRF-8-SF

69. 69 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 69 Channel layout IBM 130nm CMRF-8-SF

70. 70 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 70 Chip layout IBM 130nm CMRF-8-SF

71. 71 Internship presentation - University of Chicago – 3 sept. 2009 71 Conclusion