1. RAGS PRESENTATION 4 JULY 2013 MODELING OF ACCURATE SHOOTING POSTURE THROUGH GORDON METHOD

2. a. Proposed research title: MODELING OF ACCURATE SHOOTING POSTURE THROUGH GORDON METHOD b. Project leader : Dr Wan Rozita Wan Din Foundation Studies UPNM PhD (Mathematics) / Lecturer c. Project members : 1. Prof Dr Abdul Ghapor bin HussinFSTP, UPNM PhD (Statistics)/ Profesor/Dean 2. Dr Azmin Sham RambelyFST, UKM PhD (Mathematics) / Senior Lecturer 3. Prof Madya Ahmad Zaidi SulaimanFoundation Studies UPNM MBA / Director 4. Nur Adilah Liyana bt Hj Aladdin Foundation Studies UPNM M. Sc (Applied Mathematics) / Lecturer 5. Nor Ain Azeany binti Mohd Nasir Foundation Studies UPNM M. Sc (Applied Mathematics) / Lecturer d. Research area : Mathematics and military

3. e. Executive summary: Problem statement : 1.The findings from the live-fire exercise of an expert and novice shooters using M16 rifle indicate that the shooting accuracy is approximately 50% of the total score. 2. It is not possible to get immediate feed back on any performed shot through current shooting practice. Summary of shooting score is available only after certain range of shooting procedure is completed. 3.Shooters are not able to detect exactly their shooting posture which gives the accurate target shooting. Objective: 1.To develop a mathematical model of a shooter’s position while firing a rifle for accurate shooting using Gordon method. 2.To verify the model by using the kinematic and kinetics data from an experiment that will be conducted using Vicon Motin Analysis system. Methodology: 1.Formulation of the dynamic equations of motion of 2-D three kinematic closed chain for right and left arms, using Gordon’s method. Inverse dynamic method is used to calculate forces and torques. 2.Shooting experiments will be conducted in a biomechanical laboratory available in University of Malaya or University Kebangsaan Malaysia to produce kinematic data to verify the model. Recording, capturing and digitizing of the gait activity for shooting activities using M16 rifle will use Vicon Motion Analysis System comprising of seven cameras and thirty nine infrared markers attached to body joints of the chosen subjects. Research expected finding : 1.The correct angles of elbows, shoulders and wrist for left and right hands of soldiers while aiming at the target. 2.The results can assist the army or sportsman in order to obtain the correct posture while aiming. The training procedure should be more cost effective with better performance with the model developed.

4. f. Research background: The normal training shooting procedure was by trial and error practice. The number of practice does not necessarily give the better outcome in shooting accuracy (Platte and Powers, 2008). Shooting accuracy for a combination of novice and experience military soldiers is only around 50% accurate (Din et al., 2011).

5. g. Objective To develop a mathematical model of a correct handling posture for accurate shooting using Gordon method. To verify the model by the data from a shooting experiment that will be conducted using Vicon Motion Analysis system in the motion analysis laboratory.

6. h. Methodology: 1.Formulation of the Shooter Model The first part of the study will involve the development of a shooter model which consists of the upper arm and forearm. The segments are assumed to be rigid and the movements are modeled in sagittal plane (the direction of movement).

7. A B C Legend: Joint Centre of mass A - Segment A (shoulder – elbow) B - Segment B (elbow – wrist) C - Segment C (rifle) N - Reference frame Planar three-link kinematic chain with endpoint force of the right hand holding a rifle

8. h. Methodology: 2. Recording and Digitizing Process of the shooter at different shooting positions and different target locations using Vicon Motion Analysis System

9. i. Expected result 1. New theory/finding/knowledge Data : Profile of shooters data Structure : Model of multi segment shooters model Algorithm : Gordon’s method and simulation 2. Publications Two journals to be published in an index publication journal (SCOPUS/ISI): Journal of Biomechanics impact factor 3.023 Two conference papers: International conference of mathematical sciences (ICMS) host by UKM (ISI/SCOPUS index) usually held in Kuala Lumpur & SKSM 3. 1 master student and 1 research assistant.

10. Significance of output: 1.Mathematical modeling for accurate shooting. 2. Military : Correct individual posture that can produce accurate target shooting. Hence, can improve shooting performance at lower expenses. Applicable to military training and also sportman.

11. j. Budget BilButiranTahun 1Tahun2Jumlah (RM) 1. Vot 11000 Upah dan elaun Satu Pembantu Penyelidik (RO/RA)RM 1500 X 12 bln = RM18000 RM 1500 X 12 bln = RM18000 RM 36, 000 2. Vot 21000 Perjalanan dan pengangkutan 1. Workshop: (1 person x RM 300 x 2 workshops) 2. Conference (National): (1 person x RM 600 x 2 conference) RM600 RM1200 RM600 RM1200RM3600 3. Vot24000 Sewaan Sewa lab. Vicon Motion System University of Malaya RM5000RM10000RM15000 4. Vot 29000 Perkhidmatan ikhtisas 1. Workshop fee (1 person x RM 1000 x 2 workshops) 2. Conference fee (1 person x RM 1000 x 1 conference) 3. Honororium for subjects (10 subjects x RM100) 4. Journal expert editing RM2000 RM1000 RM2400RM7400

12. j. Budget BilButiranTahun 1Tahun2Jumlah (RM) 5. Vot 35000 Eksesori dan peralatan 1. Life science accessory kit: Reflective markers+ Double sided tape+ Microphone tape+ Scothlite tape for marker repair 2.Gait/Biomechanics kit: Head bands & wrist bands+ Wrist bars+ Pads for marker Wands+Balljoints+Plastic tube+ Calipers RM2000 RM4000 JUMLAH BESARRM32800RM33200RM66000