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3. 3 Section E: Leading and managing individuals and teams E1. Leadership, management and supervision E2. Individual and group behaviour in business organisations E3. Team formation, development and management E4. Motivating individuals and groups Designed to give you knowledge and application of:

4. 4 E4: Motivating individuals and groups  Motivation: Meaning, types and its importance  Approaches to motivation theories  Types of intrinsic and extrinsic reward. Learning Outcomes

5. 5 Motivation: Meaning, types and its importance Types of motivation 1. Achievement motivation – Task focused 2. Affiliation motivation – People focused 3. Power motivation – Self-focused Refer to Test Yourself 1 on page 298

6. 6 Organisation sets goals for individual / team Individual / team motivated by expected rewards for achieving goals Individual / team works hard & achieves goals Organisation takes note of individual’s / team’s efforts Organisation recognises motivation behind individual’s / team’s efforts & rewards them accordingly Rewards meet expectation of individual / team Continued…

7. 7 Approaches to motivation theories Content Process A.Maslow & F.Herzberg D. McGregor & V. Vroom Approaches

8. 8 Maslow’s Theory of motivation Physiological needs: breathing, food, water Self- actualisation needs: morality, creativity, spontaneity, acceptance of facts Safety needs: security of body, health, resources, employment Esteem needs: self-esteem, confidence, achievement Belonging needs: friendship, family

9. 9 Frederick Herzberg Two sets of factors affect satisfaction levels of work Hygiene factors prevent employee dissatisfaction Motivators promote employee growth & satisfaction Factors  Company policy  Supervision  Relationship with boss  Work conditions  Salary  Relationship with peers  Achievement  Recognition  Job  Responsibilities  Career progression  Growth

10. 10 Douglas McGregor Theory X Theory Y Participative style of management Authoritarian style of management

11. 11 Victor Vroom Expectancy Theory Three main components Valence Importance of expected outcome of situation Expectancy How well extra efforts translate into results Instrumentality Whether rewarded if results delivered as expected These components influence (motivate) employee’s behaviour Refer to Example on page 301

12. 12 Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation and rewards  engages in an activity that offers no external rewards  overcomes any challenges / obstacles in his activity  has a feeling of obligation Occur when individual: Extrinsic motivation and rewards undertakes a particular activity to receive an expected external benefit or reward Occur when individual:

13. 13 Intrinsic rewards Feeling of satisfaction & fulfillment No external rewards or benefits Fulfillment of obligation Come from carrying out the particular activity Refer to Examples on page 303

14. 14 Extrinsic rewards Tangible benefits such as salary increase or promotion External benefits or rewards Intangible benefits such as public recognition or praise Refer to Examples on pages 304

15. 15 RECAP  Motivation: Meaning, types and its importance  Approaches to motivation theories  Types of intrinsic and extrinsic reward.

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