1. Ch 7 - Cell Structure & Function The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism's cells. As a basis for understanding this concept: Students know cells are enclosed within semi permeable membranes that regulate their interaction with their surroundings. a.Students know how prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells (including those from plants and animals), and viruses differ in complexity and general structure.

2. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

3. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

4. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria

5. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

6. Prokaryotic Do not have structures (organelles)surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria No Nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

7. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms PlantAnimal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

8. “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu /~ acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

9. http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif “Typical” Plant Cell

10. Cell Parts Organelles

11. Surrounding the Cell

12. Cell Membrane Acts as a barrier Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer of phospholipids. http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

13. Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

14. Inside the Cell

15. Nucleus Directs most of the cell’s activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material - DNA

16. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

17. Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

18. Nucleolus Inside nucleus The site where DNA is concentrated when it is in the process of making ribosomal RNA. http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

19. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material

20. Endoplasmic Reticulum System of membranous tubes and sacs Intracellular highway, path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another Smooth type: lacks ribosomes –Builds lipids such as cholesterol. Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface –Produces phospholipids and proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

21. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands The site where proteins are assembled They are made of protein and RNA molecules http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

22. Mitochondria Tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP Has an inner and outer membrane. –The outer membrane separates the mitochondrion from the cytosol. –The inner membrane has many folds called cristae (contain proteins that carry out energy harvesting chemical reactions). http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

23. Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

24. Lysosome Contain digestive enzymes that break down proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and phospholipids. http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

25. Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Large, fluid filled organelle that stores not only water but also enzymes, metabolic wastes, and other material http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

26. Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

27. Centrioles Organize the microtubules of the cytoskeleton during cell division.